2.实义动词
(1)实义动词的分类
实义动词也叫行为动词,即表示动作的动词,能独立作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分。及物动词是指后面可以直接跟宾语的动词;不及物动词指
后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词。
We have friends all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。
George’s father lives there. 乔治的爸爸住在那儿。
提示:英语动词中有很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如close,begin,study,leave,work等。 |
(3) 实义动词的基本形式
有动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词、过去分词。
3.系动词
(1)系动词的定义
.系动词亦称连系动词,不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语。
(2)系动词的功能
系动词的主要功能是把表语(名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句)和其主语联系在一起,以说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它和其后的表语一起构成句子的谓语。
(3)常见系动词
My father is a policeman.
You will feel better after a night’s sleep.
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.
He looked angry/sad/happy.
The apples taste very good.
提示:有部分系动词也可以作为实义动词来使用。 He looked sad at the news. (“看起来”,系动词用法) He kooked sadiy at the boy. (“看着”,实义动词用法) |
4.助动词
(1)助动词的定义
助动词是语法功能词,本身没有词义,不可单独使用。
He doesn’t like English.
(2) 助动词的功能
1表示时态 He is singing. He doesn’t go to school on Saturday.
2构成疑问句
Do you like college life? Did you study English before you came here?
3与否定副词not 连用构成否定句
I don’t like playing computer games. They are not watching TV now.
(3)目前学过的助动词有:be(am/is/are),do(does/did)
1“am/is/are+现在分词”构成现在进行时态。
They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important.
2do/does/did构成一般疑问句、否定句、否定祈使句。
Do you want to pass the English exam?
He doesn’t like to study. Don’t be late for school.
提示:do 也可以作实义动词,表示“做”。变否定句时必须借助don’t/doesn’t/didn’t He does homework every day. He doesn’t watch TV on school days. |
6. 情态动词
(1) 情态动词的定义及功能
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与普通动词一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等得一类词。情态动词一般本身无人称和数的变化,其后面的实义动词要用动词原形。
She can swim fast, but I can’t. You must stay here until I come back.
(2) 常见情态动词的用法
1 can表示能力,意为“会,能”。表示客观可能性或推测时,用于否定句和疑问句;She can sing English songs.
It can’t (不可能)be Jim.I saw him at school just now.
Can /May(可以) I borrow your bike?
2 may 表示许可,用于陈述句;表示正式的请求或许可,用于一般疑问句。回答may 提出的问题,肯定形式为:Yes,please./ Yes, please do./Yes,certainly./Yes,you may. 否定形式为:No,you mustn’t./No, you can’t./Please don’t.
You may go out to ply now.
----May I smoke here?
----Yes,you may./No you mustn’t.
3must指客观可能性或猜测时,意为“一定”;表示“应当,必须”时 ,其否定形式为mustn’t 意为“禁止,不允许,千万别”。回答由must构成的一般疑问句,肯定形式为: Yes ,主语+must ;否定形式为:No,主语 +needn’t/don’t have to。
It must (肯定)be Nancy’s book.Her name is on the cover.
You mustn’t (千万别) play football in the street.
------Must I hand in my homework tomorrow?
------Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
4should 表示“应该,应当”,shouldn’t表示“不应该”。
You should tell your mother the truth.
You shouldn’t make the same mistake.
例题引路
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.My father always (help)my mother with housework.
2.The ships (not be)in the river now;they (be)there a moment ago.
3.Our family (have)a new computer last month.
4.I can (do )it better than you .
二、模仿例词写出所给动词的相应形式。
例词:do does doing did
1. write _______ _______ _______ _______
2.carry _______ _______ _______ _______