2019年高级中学教师资格证英语考试攻略_第3页

　　弊：课堂秩序可能因此变得混乱，课堂节奏容易失控。

　　第三部分 高频考点

　　考点·词法

　　1.名词

　　表示特别含义的复数形式

　　arms武器 waters水域 snows积雪 sands沙滩 works作品

　　customs海关，关税 times时代 papers文件，文献;证明，证件 manners礼貌

　　looks外表 brains头脑，智力 greens青菜 ruins废墟 experiences经历

　　2.代词

　　(1)不定代词

　　one/some/ any;each/ every;none/ no;other/ another;all/ both;neither/ either

　　(2)人称代词

　　主格：I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they

　　宾格：me/you/him/her/it/us/you/them

　　(3)物主代词

　　形容词性：my/your/his/her/its/our/their

　　名词性：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs

　　(4)反身代词：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves

　　(5)指示代词：this/that/these/those/such/some

　　(6)疑问代词：who/whom/whose/which/what/whoever/whichever/whatever

　　(7)关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose/as

　　考点·常见倍数关系表达方法

　　1. A+ be +倍数+ 形容词(或副词)的比较级+ than +B

　　This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.

　　这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)

　　2. A+ be +倍数+ as +形容词(或much)或副词+ as + B

　　This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.

　　这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)

　　3. A+ be +倍数+ the + size (length, height ...)+ of + B

　　This hill is four times the height of that small one.

　　这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)

　　4. The + size (length, height ...) of +A +be+ 倍数+ that + of +B

　　The height of this hill is four times that of that small one.

　　这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)

　　考点·主谓一致的常见用法

　　遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近原则。

　　1.用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式的一致;

　　2.主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。

充当主语的词	用法	例句
集体名词	如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中单个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。 如audience/class/club/company/crew/enemy/crowd/ government/group/party/public/team等。	His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV.
	只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数：people/police/cattle等	The police are searching for the thief.

　　3.句中出现连词如or, either… or …, neither… nor …, not only… but also …等，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近做主语的词语保持一致。

　　当主语后面有as well as/with/along with/together with/but/like/rather than/except以及逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。

　　考点·同位语从句

　　1.一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容

　　I heard the news that our team had won.

　　I had no idea that you were here.

　　2.常见的可以跟同位语从句的词(抽象名词)

　　news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word (消息), possibility等。如：

　　I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

　　3.常见引导词

　　连词that, whether

　　连接副词how, when, where等。(注：if, which不能引导同位语从句。)如：

　　He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

　　有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：

　　Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.

　　4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

　　(1)同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，解释说明它前面名词的内容;属于名词性从句范畴。定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，限定前面名词范围，属于形容词性从句范畴。

　　The news that I have passed the exam is true.

　　The news that he told me just now is true.

　　(2)引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：

　　The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

　　The idea that he gave surprises many people.

　　考点·倒装的用法

　　1.谓语的全部或部分(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的现象称为倒装。

种类	倒装条件	例句
完全倒装	here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开头的句子表示强调	Out rushed the children.
	表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首	Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.
	强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡	Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.
部分倒装	never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首	Hardly did I know what had happened.
	only和修饰的状语放于句首	Only then did he realize the importance of English.
	not only…but also连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒	Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.
	neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装	Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.
	so…that, such…that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒	So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.
	as引导的让步状语，把需要强调的部分提前（如名词、动词、形容词、副词），然后再加陈述句的其他部分	Child as he is, he has learned a lot.
	so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事	He can play the piano. So can I.
	用于表示祝愿的祈使句中	May you be in good health!
	省略if的虚拟条件	Were I you, I would not do it in this way.

　　2.“so / nor / neither + 助动词/情态动词/系动词+ 主语”与“so / nor / neither + 主语+ 助动词/情态动词/系动词”

　　①“so / nor / neither + 助动词/情态动词/系动词+ 主语”表示前面说过的情况也适用于另一个人或物时要部分倒装。如：

　　Peter can’t answer the question. Neither can I.

　　②“so / nor / neither + 主语+ 助动词/情态动词/系动词”表示“确实……”，仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和。如：

　　---The lights are still on in the classroom. You must have forgotten to turn them off.

　　---So I did.

　　考点·状语从句

　　1.时间状语从句

　　常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until

　　特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

　　I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

　　Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

　　2.目的状语从句

　　常用引导词：so that, in order that

　　特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

　　The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

　　The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that students in the back could hear more clearly.

　　3.让步状语从句

　　常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

　　特殊引导词：as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while (一般用在句首), no matter…, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

　　Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

　　The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

　　考点·语音知识

　　1.辅音

　　A chart of English consonants

place manner	Voicing	Bilabial	Labio- dental	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stops or plosives	VL	p			t		k
	VD	b			d		g
Fricatives	VL		f	θ	s	ʃ		h
	VD		v	ð	z	ʒ
Affricates	VL				(tʃ)	tʃ
	VD				(dʒ)	dʒ
Nasals	VD	m			n		ŋ
Liquids	VD				l, r
Glides	VD	w				j

　　2. Minimal Pair最小对立体

　　When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair. For example, dill and kill are a minimal pair because they differ from each other by the initial sound [d] and [k].

　　最小对立对指除了出现在同一位置上的一个音不同之外，其余都相同的两个语音组合。例如，dill和kill就是一组最小对立体，二者的不同在于首字母发音分别为[d]和[k]。

　　考点·The cooperative principle合作原则

　　格莱斯提出并创建的合作原则，是一个语用假说。他假定会话参与者们首先是愿意合作的;否则，他们就不可能将谈话进行下去。这一原则就称作合作原则，简称CP。为了进一步解释合作原则，格莱斯还引进了四大准则(交际准则)：数量的准则、质量的准则、关联准则和方式准则。

　　有趣的是，我们有一重要的点必须注意到：即这四大准则并不总是被人们严格遵守的。相反，因为各种各样的原因，人们往往会违背这些准则。而有时准则的违背也就使得“会话含义”(会话中的暗示意义)产生了。

　　1. Violation of maxim of quantity违反数量原则

　　●使自己所说的话达到当前交谈目的所要求的详尽程度。

　　●不要使自己所说的话比所要求的更详尽。

　　2. Violation of maxim of quality违反质量原则

　　●不说自知虚假的话。

　　●不说缺乏足够证据的话。

　　3. Violation of maxim of relation违反关系原则

　　●所言要有关联。

　　4. Violation of maxim of manner违反方式原则

　　●避免表达晦涩。

　　●避免产生歧义。

　　●所言要简练(避免啰嗦，冗长)。

　　●所言要条理清晰。

　　考点·阅读技能教学

　　1.阅读技能教学的目的是培养阅读策略;培养语感;特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中的获取和处理信息的能力。

　　2.基本技能：略读(skimming);找读(scanning);预测下文;理解大意;分清文章中的事实和观点;猜测词义;推理判断;了解重点细节;理解文章结构;理解图表信息;理解指代关系;理解逻辑关系;理解作者意图;评价阅读内容。

　　3.相关教学活动：

　　略读：即选择性地进行跳跃式阅读，了解文章大意。可以采取三个步骤：(1)通读文章起始段和结尾段;(2)找到主题句，细读其他段落的主题句;(3)浏览一些与主题句相关的信息词。

　　找读：要求在很短的时间内准确地找到目标，可以利用主题词、标题或表格、板式及印刷特点等来快速阅读教学内容后，可以进行回答提问的问题、解释概括文意、制作图表、判断真伪、排序、填表、补全信息、连线等教学活动。

　　考点·教学设计

　　教学设计部分的考题是需要撰写一篇教案或者撰写教案的部分要素，一个教案的基本结构包含以下要点：

　　Teaching Topic:

　　Teaching Content:

　　Teaching Objectives:

　　Teaching Key Points:

　　Teaching Difficult Points:

　　Teaching Procedure:

　　……

　　Blackboard Design: