2016年12月英语四级考试全真模考练习试卷九_第3页

　　Passage Three?

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?

　　Studies of children’s acquisition of language suggest that the faculty of language includes an inborn knowledge of the formal principles of language structure, a knowledge that depends on generically determined portions of (usually) that left cerebral (大脑的) hemisphere.Although it is well established that the left hemisphere is specialized for language, one cannot say that language is “located” in this or that part of the hemisphere. What is known is that language discorders are the results of lesions (损伤) in the left hemisphere. Disorders of language resulting from damage to the brain are called aphasias (失语症).?

　　The anterior(前面的)portion of the “language area” is termed Broca’s area. Lesions in this area interfere with the motor(运动原)and articulatory aspects of language.Speech is slow,labored,grammatically incorrect,and telegraphic;in extreme cases,it may be impossible to carry out.Writing is likewise severely impaired.Comprehension of the spoken or written word,however,may be unimpaired or nearly so.(It is interesting to note that under emotional stress,a patient with Broca’s aphasia may be temporarily fluent.)Because Broca’s area is close to the motor cortex(脑皮层),if the former is damaged,the latter is often damaged simultaneously.Hence,such patients often suffer form weakness or paralysis of the right side of the body.Similar lesions in the cet6w.com will cause a left-sided weakness of paralysis but will have no effect on language. ?

　　Damage to the posterior (后面的) portion of the “language area, ” especially to Wernick’s area, results in a loss of cet6w.com spoken word and often of the written word. The patient’s native language is now like a foreign language. In addition, the patient’s speech is rapid and well-articulated, but without meaning. Writing is defective, and words that are heard cannot be repeated, although hearing itself is completely normal. Similar lesions in the cet6w.com usually have no effect on language.?

　　Injuries to the “language area” in children result in severe aphasias, but the development of language mechanism in the cet6w.com can often compensate for them to an extraordinary degree. This potential function of the cet6w.com is probably normally suppressed by the left hemisphere. In adults, aphasias from similar lesions are often permanent. ?

　　31.The author is primarily concerned with ____.?

　　A) describing the process of language acquisition?

　　B) explaining potential treatment of language defects?

　　C) showing the importance of the left hemisphere of the brain to language mechanisms?

　　D) depicting various means of diagnosing language defects?

　　32.Unlike a patient with Wernicke’s aphasia, a patient with Broca’s aphasia can ____. ?

　　A) comprehend written but not spoken language ?

　　B) hear and read with comprehension?

　　C) speak articulately and also comprehend spoken language?

　　D) write and speak readily and coherently?

　　33.According to the passage,which of the following statements about the cet6w.com of the brain is accurate??

　　A) It has the potential to serve as a “language area”.?

　　B) It controls the ability to comprehend but not the ability to speak a language?

　　C) If it is damaged, gross motor control of the right side of the body may be affected.?

　　D) It is the right where Wernick’s area is located.?

　　34.It can be inferred that aphasias in adults often result in permanent damage because ____.?

　　A) much memory is lost?

　　B) adults have more trouble learning a foreign language?

　　C) the cet6w.com is no longer as adaptable as it once was. ?

　　D) brain cells in adults are especially vulnerable to infection?

　　35.It can be inferred that the author bases his description on ____.?

　　A) clinical studies of instances of damage to the brain?

　　B) studies of language development in children without brain damage?

　　C) microscopic examination of the brain structure?

　　D) examples of the integration of the left and cet6w.coms?

　　Passage Three?

　　内容概要:?本文第1段为主题段，点明了大脑左半球与语言机制之间的关系;第2、3段分别描述了大脑左前区和左后区损伤对语言机制的不同影响;最后一段主要是讲大脑右半球在大脑左半球受损导致失语症时的代偿作用。?

　　31. 【答案】C。?

　　【译文】本文主要是为了说明大脑左半球对语言机制的重要性。?

　　【试题分析】归纳结论题。?

　　【详细解答】文章第1段就概括了这篇文章是关于大脑左半球与语言机制的关系，大脑左半球对语言机制起着重要的作用。所以C)是正确答案。?

　　32. 【答案】B。?

　　【译文】勃洛卡区失语症病人和韦尼克失语症病人不同，前者既能听懂也能读懂。?

　　【试题分析】事实细节题。?

　　【详细解答】第2段第3、4、5句告诉我们，大脑左前区损伤对说和写的能力有严重影响，但一般不会影响听和读的理解。因此选项A)和C)有部分差错，选项D)完全不对，

　　而惟有选项B)正确。?

　　33. 【答案】A。?

　　【译文】大脑右半球在在左半球受损伤的情况下具有代偿作用。?

　　【试题分析】事实细节题。?

　　【详细解答】依据是最后一段第1句。既然在大脑左半球受伤而造成严重失语症的情况下，儿童的大脑右半球通常可形成代偿机制，就说明大脑右半球具有充当“语言区”的

　　潜力。所以A)是正确答案?

　　34. 【答案】C。?

　　【译文】成年人的失语症经常导致永久的损伤是因为大脑右半球不再具有适应性。?

　　【试题分析】推理引申题。?

　　【详细解答】从最后一段我们得知，同是“语言区”(即大脑左半球)损伤导致严重失语症，儿童的失语症通常可由大脑右半球语言机制的发展得到一定弥补，但成人的失语

　　症则一般是永久的。这种对比说明，成人的大脑右半球已不像儿童(即从前)那样具有适应性。因而答案应选C)。?

　　35. 【答案】A。?

　　【译文】作者的描述的依据是大脑损伤进行的临床观察和研究。 ?

　　【试题分析】推理引申题。?

　　【详细解答】本文是通过描述大脑不同部位损伤与失语症之间的关系来论证主题的，而在四个选项中只有采用A)的方法(即对脑损伤进行临床观察和研究)才能发现这种关

　　系。?