英译中
The death toll is the worst in any clash between the two since 1967, and the first loss of life since 1975.
参考译文:这是自1967年后(中印)两国屡次边境冲突中的人员死亡最多的一次,也是1975年以来首次出现人员死亡的情况。
解析:这一句英文里,最难以把握的一个词就是worst。原因是,通常在我们的印象里,death toll似乎不会与the worst进行搭配,即the death toll is bad并不是一个习惯性的搭配, 而the death toll通常是与high by number or account搭配。不过,the worst 并不只是bad的最高级,本身也有独立的意思,即“最坏的事;最糟的情况”,The worst is the most unpleasant or unfavourable thing that could happen or does happen. 例如:Though mine safety has much improved, miners' families still fear the worst./尽管矿井的安全状况有了很大改善,矿工的家属仍然害怕最糟的情况会发生。The country had come through the worst of the recession. /该国已经度过了经济衰退最糟糕的时期。也就是说,the worst在这里可以指“冲突中出现了死亡(人数)是1967年以来最糟糕的情况”。不过,“情况最糟糕”不只两国边境冲突的状况,而是“死亡人员”是冲突中最多的一次。而且,英文句中还有一个强化,即the first loss of life since 1975。这就很明显地可以推断出,the death toll不只是一个简单的死亡人数,而是自1967年中印边境战争后出现的死亡人数最多的——这当然会是两国边境冲突中最糟糕的情况了。另外,the death toll的意思是“(事故、灾难或战争中的)死亡人数”,即 The death toll of an accident, disaster, or war is the number of people who die in it. 例如:The death toll from the violence has reached 47./由暴力事件引起的死亡人数已经达到47。
中译英
发射北斗三号最后一颗全球组网卫星的长征三号乙运载火箭发射任务推迟。
参考译文:The launch mission of the last satellite for the global constellation deployment of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) was postponed.
解析:中文虽然只有一句,但意思却有两层。一层是“长征三号乙运载火箭发射任务推迟”,另一层则是“长征三号乙运载火箭发射北斗三号最后一颗全球组网卫星”。在中文里,用如此长的动宾结构来做“长征三号乙运载火箭”的定语,其实是不常见的。不过,在这个句子里使用,还是显得很严谨。那么,在英文里,可能相应地结构来译,似乎也是可以的。参考译文是新华社的版本,而中国日报的版本略有变化,而大体一致:The launch mission for the final satellite in the third-generation network of China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System has been postponed。这两个版本有一个同样的特点,就是整个主语很工,甚至显得头重脚轻,不太符合英文结构平衡的要求 。拟修改为:The launch mission was postpone for the final satellite in the third-generation network of China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System.
英译中
The indignation of those who brought down Colston may have been righteous, but they were wrong to topple him themselves.
参考译文:那些推倒爱德华·科斯顿(Edward Colston)雕像的人来说,他们的愤怒情绪可能有合理性,不过,他们自己动手,就不正当了。
解析: 首先,先来了解一下indigation的意思,“愤怒;愤慨;义愤”,即Indignation is the feeling of shock and anger which you have when you think that something is unjust or unfair. 例如:She was filled with indignation at the conditions under which miners were forced to work./矿工们被迫在如此恶劣的条件下工作,她感到异常愤怒。 No wonder he could hardly contain his indignation./难怪他几乎抑制不住自己的愤怒。另一个词是topple,意思是“(使)摇摇欲坠;(使)不稳而倒下”,即If someone or something topples somewhere or if you topple them, they become unsteady or unstable and fall over. 例如:He just released his hold and toppled slowly backwards./他刚一松开手就缓缓向后倒下。整个句子是the indignation may have been righteous, but they were wrong to topple him themselves,指的是一种情况与一种行为的对比。另外,righteous与wrong的意思相反。Righteous表示(情绪)“合理”,那么wrong就表示(行为)“不当”。
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笔译: 翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟题
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