2016年12月英语四级考试全真模考练习试卷八_第3页

　　Passage 3

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?

　　Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism / evolution are in the publisher’s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.?

　　The first four chapters of Kitcher’s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When cet6w.com is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.?

　　Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says:“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism I evolution debate.

　　31.More than twenty books ____.

　　A) are intended to support creationism?

　　B) are intended to attack Kitcher?

　　C) are written in a style of clarity and effectiveness?

　　D) include Kitcher’s hook?

　　32.“Creationism” in the passage refers to ______.

　　A) evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe?

　　B) a notion of the creation of religion?

　　C) the scientific explanation of the earth formation?

　　D) the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe?

　　33.Kitcher’s book is intended to ______.

　　A) recommend the views of the evolutionists B) expose the true features of creationists?

　　C) curse bitterly at his opponents D) launch a surprise attack on creationists?

　　34.From the passage we can infer that ______.

　　A) reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate?

　　B) creationists do not base their argument on reasoning?

　　C) evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists?

　　D) creationism is supported by scientific findings?

　　35.This passage appears to be a digest of ______.

　　A) a book review B) a scientific paper?

　　C) a magazine feature D) a newspaper editorial?

　　Passage Three 短文大意：有20本书是关于世界起源理论的。所谓的科学的世界起源理论是以宗教为依据的，而不是以科学为依据的。Kitcher的书有力地批驳了这一伪科学的理论，揭露了创世说的本质。这本书的写作风格清晰明了、生动有力。

　　31. 【参考译文】在二十多本书中____。【试题分析】本题测试的是文章的细节部分。【详细解答】A项“旨在支持creationism”。B项“旨在攻击Kitcher”。文章首段讲了20本书是关于creationism的，其目的是向迷惑不解的百姓解释关于世界的起源没有两种正确的科学理论。显然A、B不可选。C项“写作风格清晰明了，生动有力”是指Kitcher 的书的写作风格，即第三段首句的内容。根据文章第一段内容可知，关于creationism的书有20本，Kitcher的书是其中之一，因此，第二段详细介绍Kitcher的书，所以D项为正确答案。

　　32. 【参考译文】短文中creationism指的是____。【试题分析】本题考查的是根据短文推测词义的能力。【详细解答】短文第一段中说：这些书的目的是尽力向被弄糊涂和缺乏知识的老百姓解释关于宇宙和生命的起源和发展两种同等正确的科学理论。…“科学的”世界起源理论…是以宗教为依据而不是以科学为依据的(“Scientific” creationism … is based on religion, not science), scientific带上引号说明不是真正科学的，而是假的或是自我标榜的。另外，第二段倒数第二句中的…their deception and distortion也提供了依据，故选项D正确。A项“政治意义上的关于宇宙起源的理论”，B项“宗教上的创世纪概念”，C项“对地球形成的科学解释”均不是正确答案。

　　33. 【参考译文】Kitcher的书意在____。【试题分析】本题是对文章段落的整体理解进行考查。【详细解答】本文第二段具体介绍Kitcher’s book各个章节的主要内容：第一章对creation力量进行了介绍，并适当引出了对creationists的批评。在最后三章里，作者takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating;作者还向那些不了解creationists的人描述了他们的programs and tactics(欺骗手法)，这一切充分说明了Kitcher’s book(B)旨在揭露creationists的本质特征。A项介绍evolutionists的观点，C项猛烈抨击他的对手，D项向creationists发动突然袭击，均非本题的正确答案。

　　34. 【参考译文】从短文中我们能够推知____。【试题分析】本题为间接推理题。【详细解答】本题要求考生根据文章推出一定的结论。短文第一段中明确说明了所谓科学的creationism是以宗教为依据，而不是以科学为依据的 (… is based on religion, not science)。宗教的东西不可能是科学的逻辑推理，因此B项(creationists的论据不是以逻辑推理为基础的)是正确答案。从全文看，作者列举了大量证据，包括Kitcher’s book的内容，有力地批驳了creationists的所谓理论，从这方面看也可以判定creationist的论据缺乏合理性。A项“逻辑推理在辩论中起了决定性作用”，C项“进化理论对非专业者来说太难”，D项“创世说理论得到了科学发现的支持。”均与原文不符。

　　35. 【参考译文】本文象是____摘要。【试题分析】本题测试的是了解分析推理能力。【详细解答】题目问本文象什么摘要。A项“书评”，B项“科学论文”，C项“杂志”，D项“社论”。本文在开头介绍了所有书的写作目的(try to explain …);接着介绍了Kitcher的书的主要内容，介绍了Kitcher其人及其论据为什么清晰易懂，作后还介绍了书的护封上某名人的评价。综上所述，本文最象书评摘要，而不可能是其他三个选项。