2019年教师资格证《初中英语》相关语法总结_第2页

(6) 动名词的两种语态:

　　主动式: doing, having done

　　被动式:being done, having been done.

　　① No one can avoid ______by advertisements.

　　A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence

　　② Susan was very unhappy for not _______ to the party.

　　D. being influenced

　　A. to be invited

　　B. having been invited C. inviting

　　D. to have been invited

　　※动名词作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面

　　版权所有 翻印必究

　　look forward to

　　be proud of

　　be responsible for

　　insist on

　　think of

　　hear of

　　dream of

　　object to

　　prevent…from

　　keep…from

　　stop…from

　　be engaged in

　　depend on

　　(渴望，盼望)

　　(以…为自豪)

　　(对……负责)

　　(坚持)

　　(考虑，想到)

　　(听说)

　　(梦想)

　　(反对，抗议)

　　(防止，阻止)

　　(防止，阻止)

　　(防止，阻止)

　　(从事于)

　　(依靠，依赖)

　　thank…for

　　excuse…for

　　aim at

　　devote…to

　　set about

　　be /get used to

　　be fond of

　　be afraid of

　　be tired of

　　succeed in

　　be interested in

　　be ashamed of

　　(因……而道谢)

　　(因……而道歉)

　　(目的在于)

　　(献身于)

　　(着手做)

　　(习惯于)

　　(喜欢)

　　(害怕)

　　(对……厌烦)

　　(成功地做……)

　　(对……感兴趣)

　　(对……感到羞愧)

　　四、主谓一致

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　　习题演练

　　1. Bread and butter ______ liked by Westerners.

　　A. is B. are C. were D. be

　　2. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.

　　A. are not preserved B. is not preserved

　　C. were not preserved D. have not been preserved

　　3. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.

　　A. were advancing B. were advanced C. was advancing D. was advanced

　　4. The president of the college, together with the deans, ______ planning a conference for the purpose

　　of laying down a series of regulations.

　　A. were B. are C. is D. has

　　5. Many a person ______ at the gate of the department store.

　　A. is standing B. are standing

　　C. have been standing D. have stood

　　6. Every means ______ tried out but never with success, as far as my knowledge goes.

　　A. is B. are C. has been D. have been

　　参考答案:ABACAC

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　　重点总结

　　1.主谓一致的三大原则

　　(1)语法一致

　　主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在”数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词

　　和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。

　　Few students are really lazy.

　　Every girl comes on time.

　　(2)意义一致

　　有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的

　　单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数;

　　反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。

　　That group have the best ratings of individual performance.

　　Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register.

　　(3)就近原则

　　有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词)的单、复数形式，

　　这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。

　　Neither Julia nor I am going.

　　2.特殊用法

　　(1)以并列结构做主语的主谓一致问题

　　如果句子的主语是并列结构，这种主语的单、复数意义往往会影响谓语动词的形式。这种

　　主谓一致问题通常遵循以下规则：

　　由 and / both… and 连接的并列主语

　　如果做主语的并列结构不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，则动词用单

　　数。

　　The secretary and treasurer is absent.

　　有一些带连词 and 的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数。

　　What I say and think are no business of yours.

　　当 and 连接的并列名词词组带有 each, every 时，随后的动词通常用单数。

　　Every boy and every girl likes this class.

　　由 or / nor / either… or 等连接的并列主语

　　由 or, nor, either… or, neither… nor, not only… but also 连接的并列结构做主语，随后的动词

　　形式通常按照”就近原则”处理。

　　Either my father or my brothers are coming.

　　My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.

　　主语+as much as 等

　　当主语后面跟有由 as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等引导从属结构时，随后的

　　动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。

　　Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.

　　Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process.

　　主语+as well as 等

　　当主语后面跟有由 as well as, in addition to ,with, along with ,together with ,except 等引导的词

　　组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。

　　The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.

　　No one except two girls was late for dinner.

　　(2)以表示数量概念的名词词组做主语的主谓一致问题

　　英语中有一些表示数量概念的名词词组。数量概念分为两类：一类是确定数量，如 three

　　months, five kilos 等，另一类是非确定数量，如 all of… ,some of… ,none of… ,enough of… 等。

　　以表示确定数量的名词词组做主语

　　当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，解决主谓一致问题有以下规则可循：

　　a. 如果数量概念被看作一个整体，动词用单数;如果被看作组成数量的个体，动词用复数。

　　Six months is too short a time.

　　There were five silver dollars in each of the stockings.

　　b. 如果做主语的名词词组是由”分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依 of-词组中

　　名词类别而定。

　　Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.

　　以表示非确定数量的名词词组做主语

　　a. 如果主语是 all of… , some of … , none of … , half of … , most of … 等表示非确定数量的

　　名词词组，其后的动词形式依 of-词组中的名词类别而定。

　　Most of the members were there.

　　Some of the money has been stolen.

　　b. 如果主语是由”lots of, heaps of, plenty of ,an average of / a majority of +复数名词+

　　名词”构成，表示许许多多等概念时，随后动词的单、复数形式也依 of-词组中名词类别而定。

　　Lots of people are waiting outside.

　　Plenty of the sugar is imported from Cuba.

　　c. 如果主语是由 “a portion of, a series of, a pile of , a panel of +名词” 构成，不管名词类别为

　　何，动词通常用单数。

　　A series of accidents has been reported.

　　d. 如果主语是由”many a +名词”或”more than one +名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的

　　动词仍遵循”语法一致”原则，用单数。

　　Many a man has done his duty.

　　e. 如果主语由”an average of / a majority of +复数名词”构成，而且明确表示多数个体概念，

　　随后的动词用复数;如果这类主语不表示多数个体概念，则动词用单数。

　　A majority of the town’s younger men are moving to the city.

　　An average of 25 applications a month is not unusual.