Passage 1
【语篇导读】当受到攻击的时候,人们往往都会还击。动植物也一样。研究表明,当植物受到害虫的攻击时,它们会释放出一种化学物质来袭击害虫。甚至还会发出某种香味来吸引这些害虫的天敌,以此来保护自己。
1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A.It makes noises.
B.It gets help from other plants.
C.It stands quietly.
D.It sends out certain chemicals.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“...send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant...”可知,当植物受到袭击时,它们会释放出某种化学物质。因此D项正确。
2.What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A.The attackers get attacked.
B.The insects gather under the table.
C.The plants get ready to fight back.
D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。前文说,有些植物释放出一些难闻的化学物质赶走害虫,而另一些植物会释放出一些香味吸引这些害虫的天敌。一旦这些天敌到达,这些害虫就会受到攻击,因此the tables are turned的意思是“攻击者受到攻击”,故A项正确。
3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A.predict natural disasters
B.protect themselves against insects
C.talk to one another intentionally
D.help their neighbors when necessary
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段可知,研究表明,植物们能保护自己不受害虫的侵袭。
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The world is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger senses than before.
C.The world is more complex than it seems.
D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。文章最后一段说,150多年前,达尔文曾经设想一个更加忙碌,噪音更大的世界,它比我们所看到和听到的联系更加亲密。作者说,我们的感觉非常微弱,世界非常复杂。因此C项正确。
【长难句分析】What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.
植物向空气中输送的是一种化学混合物,称为挥发性有机化合物,简称为VOCs。
本句是一个复合句。what引导的是主语从句,known as是动词-ed形式构成的短语作定语,修饰chemicals。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本杰明·韦斯特从六岁时就表现出了绘画的天分。没有画刷,他就从猫身上割下毛发自制画刷。他的表兄被他的画作所吸引,给他寄来了画刷和颜料,这是他第一次使用画刷和颜料绘制作品。当本杰明九岁的时候,他的表兄带他去了费城,给了他绘制油画的材料。大艺术家威廉·威廉姆斯被本杰明的画作所吸引,给了他两本古典绘画图书,这两本书成了他古典绘画的启蒙老师,促使他立志成为一名艺术家。
1.What is the text mainly about?
A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.
B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。本文介绍了本杰明·韦斯特在六岁到九岁时对绘画的热爱,他所面临的问题以及大艺术家威廉·威廉姆斯对他的影响及帮助,引导着他走上了艺术家的道路。因此C项正确。
2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A.The cat would be closely watched.
B.The cat would get some medical care.
C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
答案 D
解析 句意猜测题。画线句是第三段的段首,其作用应是引出本段的内容。由上文可知,本杰明没有画刷就从猫身上割毛制作画刷。画线句后面的意思是,本杰明的表兄给他带来了画刷和颜料。故画线句子的意思应该是与本杰明需要画刷有关,因此D项正确。
3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B.He provided him with painting materials.
C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D.He taught him how to make engravings.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.”以及最后一段中的“In the city,Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知,表兄给本杰明提供了画刷等绘画材料来帮助他学习绘画,故B项正确。
4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to .
A.master the use of paints
B.appreciate landscape paintings
C.get to know other painters
D.make up his mind to be a painter
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知,这两本书对他的影响更多的是在精神方面,而不是知识方面,这两本书坚定了他的梦想,引导着这个九岁的男孩走上了绘画的道路。故D项正确。
【长难句分析】While it is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction to classical paintings.
虽然他对这些书不是很理解,但正是这些书把他引入了古典绘画。
本句是一个复合句。while“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,it是形式主语,that he...是主语从句。
