第四部分: 任务型阅读 (共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
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What news stories do you read? | |
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Division of news stories |
● People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news. ● News stories are roughly divided into two classes. ● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t. |
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(72)▲of the two classes |
● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual (73)▲ . ● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (74)▲similar feelings with those involved. |
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● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75) ▲to them. ● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)▲for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to (77)▲from the reality. | |
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Unstable boundaries of the two classes |
● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their (78) ▲. ● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and (79)▲ themselves to the reality.#FormatImgID_8# ● Thus, the division, o#FormatImgID_9#n the whole, (80)▲on the reader. |
解析：
文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。难度较14年有所下降，重点考查考察信息转换题，涉及词性和词义转换，学生“有据可循”，归纳概括题比例明显下降。
71.信息查找题。根据“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. ”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。
72.信息归纳题。文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward(即时回报)”和“delayed reward(迟来的回报)”的解释。
73.信息归纳题。根据第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.可知作者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share“同样有”。
75.信息查找题。根据第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.””可知此处填threat“威胁”。
76.信息转换题。根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此处填prepare，与后面的介词for搭配为“为……做准备”。
77.信息查找题。根据第四段中“When he select news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.”此处填withdraw“退出，离开”。
78.归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may… A coach may… A politician may…”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s)“职业”/intention“意图，动机”。
79.信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。
80.归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。
答案：
71. rewards/rewarded
72. Explanations
73. involvement
74. share
75. threat
76. prepare
77. withdraw
78. profession(s)/intention
79. adapt
80. depends
