Part II Reading Comprehension (40ponts)
Directions: there are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D, choose the best and mark your answer on the ANSEWR SHEET.
Passage One
Have you ever heard of a pawpaw(木瓜)? If not, do not feel bad. Many Americans do not know of the fruit, although it is native to the U.S..Once, however, it was one of the most popular fruits in North America. Happily, those who love the pawpaw are trying to return it to its former position in American foods.
A pawpaw is a tropical fruit that used to be grown along the East Coast from New York to Florida and all over the eastern U.S..At one time, it could be found as far west as Nebraska.
The pawpaw was an important food for Native Americans and even early European settlers. Pawpaws reportedly were a favorite treat of George Washington, the first U.S. president, who especially liked them cold. Thomas Jefferson, the third U.S. president, was also s fan of the fruit. He planted papaws at his home in Virginia. He also sent pawpaw seeds to his friends in France, American explorers Lewis and Clark wrote in their journals about the pawpaw.
The pawpaw is difficult to be sold commercially. The fruit requires a very special environment---low, wet areas that sometimes flood. It has a very short harvest season, from two to three weeks in September and October. In addition, the fruit is good to eat for only two to three days after harvesting. This makes it hard to sell anywhere distant from the pawpaw tree it comes from.
Planters are again growing pawpaw trees and harvesting the fruit. In several states farmers have organized “pawpaw festivals” to reintroduce people to food. At such a festival in Maryland recently, farmers displayed different products made with pawpaws, like pawpaw jams, pies, ice-cream and beer.
16. Many American people do not know that the pawpaw
A. Was once popular in the U.S.
B. Is native to the U.S. only
C. Has become popular again
D. Is a healthy fruit
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章“Many Americans do not know of the fruit, although it is native to the U.S..”可以得出答案。
17. The pawpaw used to be found mainly
A. Around Nebraska
B. In the eastern U.S.
C. All over Florida
D. In New York suburbs
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章“A pawpaw is a tropical fruit that used to be grown along the East Coast from New York to Florida and all over the eastern U.S.”可以得出答案。
18. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson are mentioned in paragraph 3 as
A. American explorers
B. Famous politicians
C. Early pawpaw planters
D. Pawpaw lovers
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章“Pawpaws reportedly were a favorite treat of George Washington, the first U.S. president, who especially liked them cold. Thomas Jefferson, the third U.S. president, was also s fan of the fruit.”可以得到答案。
19. It is difficult to sell the pawpaw on a large scale for the following reasons EXCPEPT that the fruit
A. Requires a very special environment
B. Has a very short harvest season
C. Does not taste good
D. Is difficult to preserve after harvesting
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章“The fruit requires a very special environment---low, wet areas that sometimes flood. It has a very short harvest season, from two to three weeks in September and October. In addition, the fruit is good to eat for only two to three days after harvesting. This makes it hard to sell anywhere distant from the pawpaw tree it comes from.”可以得到答案。
20. Pawpaw festivals are organized in some states
A. As a way of celebrating harvest
B. As part of the traditional culture
C. To display pawpaw growing techniques
D. To reintroduce people to the fruit
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章“In several states farmers have organized “pawpaw festivals” to reintroduce people to food.”可以得到答案。
Passage Two
Throughout history, humans have suffered from a condition that they have never been able to escape—ageing. Some researchers, however, believe we may be thinking about it in the wrong way. They say we should start treating ageing itself as a disease—one that can be prevented and treated.
Their hopes are founded on recent discoveries that suggest biological ageing may be entirely preventable and treatable. From a biological preventive, the body ages at different rates according to genetic and environmental factors. Tiny errors build up in our DNA and our cells begin developing faults that can grow into tissue damage, which leads to ageing and ageing—related diseases.
One of the leading figures in human life research, Aubrey De Grey, explains in an interview that their goal is to develop a set of therapies for middle-aged and older people that will leave them physically and mentally equivalent(相当的) to someone under the age of 30. “Of course, without wiping their memories,” he adds. But he doesn’t think that is will be possible to stop ageing altogether. He sees a future where “rejuvenation technologies” can be applied to old people in order to revert their cells to what they were like when they were in their youth, buying them extra time. The idea is that someone who is treated at the age of 60 will be biologically reverted to 30. But because the therapies are not permanent fixes. Their cells will end up becoming 60 years old again in another 30 years time.
21. By “treating ageing itself as a disease”, some researchers mean
A. Aged people are liable to diseases
B. Ageing can be dealt with like a disease
C. Ageing is a disease hard to cure
D. Ageing should be treated carefully
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章“They say we should start treating ageing itself as a disease—one that can be prevented and treated.”可以得出答案。
22. Humans age at different rates due to reasons.
A. Physical
B. Biological
C. Genetic and environmental
D. DNA and cell-related
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章“From a biological preventive, the body ages at different rates according to genetic and environmental factors.”可以得出答案。
23. The goal of De Grey’s research is to .
A. Freeze people’s age
B. Make people younger
C. Stop ageing altogether
D. Adjust people’s memories
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章“One of the leading figures in human life research, Aubrey De Grey, explains in an interview that their goal is to develop a set of therapies for middle-aged and older people that will leave them physically and mentally equivalent to someone under the age of 30.”可以得出答案。
24. What does “rejuvenation” (para.3) possibly mean?
A. Relating to cells
B. Relating to genes.
C. Becoming healthy.
D. Becoming young.
【答案】D
【解析】rejuvenation一词的意思为“返老还童”.
25. What will happen if someone is treated with De Grey’s technology?
A. He will stay young for a longer time
B. He will no longer grow old.
C. He will live up to at least 60 years old.
D. He will not get ageing-related diseases.
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章“Their cells will end up becoming 60 years old again in another 30 years time.”可以得出答案。
Passage Three
When jack Davis, 9, looks up at the night sky, he doesn’t see just the stars. He sees his future. The fourth grader from New Jersey has a deep interest in outer space and the alien(外星的) beings he thinks might live there.
In July, Jack heard that NASA was looking for a new planetary protection officer and decided he was the right person for the job. The position, which focuses on preventing astronauts from accidentally bringing extremely small, potentially dangerous alien life-forms back to Earth and ensuring that astronauts do not take Earth-based germs with them into space, pays from $124,406 to $187,000 per year.
Jack wrote a letter to NASA, noting his qualifications for the job. “My sister says I am an alien,” Jack wrote, pointing out that since he is young, he can “learn to think like an alien.” He signed the letter “Jack Davis, Guardian of the Galaxy.”
Within days, Jack received a personal letter from NASA’s planetary science director, James L. Green. “We are always looking for bright future scientists and engineers to help us,” Green wrote.”I hope you will study hard and do well in school. We hope to see you here at NASA one of these days!”
Jack said he was “shocked” when Green’s response arrived. “I shouted, I got a letter from NASA!”
Green says he loves to answer letters from children. He calls his response a “gravity assist.” Spacecraft use gravity assistance from objects like planets and moons to help power the craft toward another celestial(天上的) body. Green hopes a reply can influence a person’s path in life in a similar way.
26. Which of the following can best describe Jack Davis?
A. Mature
B. Curious.
C. Talented.
D. Honest
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章“The fourth grader from New Jersey has a deep interest in outer space and the alien(外星的) beings he thinks might live there.”可以得出答案。
27. What is the job responsibility of the planetary protection officer?
A. To ensure the mental and physical health of the astronauts
B. To protect Earth from possible alien attacks in the future
C. To keep harmful substances form spreading between Earth and outer space.
D. To study the unknown substances astronauts brought back to Earth
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章“The position, which focuses on preventing astronauts from accidentally bringing extremely small, potentially dangerous alien life-forms back to Earth and ensuring that astronauts do not take Earth-based germs with them into space, pays from $124,406 to $187,000 per year.”可以得出答案。
28. In this letter, Jack explains that his strength lies in his
A. Personality
B. Appearance
C. Hobby
D. Age
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章“Jack wrote a letter to NASA, noting his qualifications for the job. “My sister says I am an alien,” Jack wrote, pointing out that since he is young, he can “learn to think like an alien.” He signed the letter “Jack Davis, Guardian of the Galaxy.””可以得出安安。
29. In his response to the boy, James Green .
A. Encourages Jack to be a future NASA scientist
B. Invites Jack to visit NASA as soon as possible
C. Tells Jack NASA’s requirements for scientists
D. Offers to provide training for Jack at NASA
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章“Within days, Jack received a personal letter from NASA’s planetary science director, James L. Green. “We are always looking for bright future scientists and engineers to help us,” Green wrote.”I hope you will study hard and do well in school. We hope to see you here at NASA one of these days!””可以得出答案。
30. In the last paragraph, the author intends to .
A. Support Green for using gravity assist in projects.
B. Introduce the concept of gravity assist
C. Guide young people by giving them a gravity assist
D. Explain how Green’s letter serves as a gravity assist
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章“Green hopes a reply can influence a person’s path in life in a similar way.”可以得出答案。
Passage Four
Online dating has just been revealed to be one of the most common ways to start a relationship. But new research reveals that the concept is still highly flawed(有缺陷的).
An analysis of 400 studies into online dating shows that while it offers access to plenty of other singles, users can be overwhelmed and put off by the volume of choice, defeating the purpose.
The research, by Northwestern University and published in the journal Psychological Science in the public interest, found that the processes involved don’t lend themselves to forming strong relationships. The findings also indicated that the concept of an online profile(介绍) is not entirely useful and “can result in treating potential partners as mere objects”.
Lead author Eli J Finkel explained: “Online dating is a terrific addition for singles to meet. However, there are two problems.” First, studying over seemingly endless lists of profiles of people one does not know, as on Match.com, does not reveal much about them. Second, it “overloads people and they end up shutting down,” he said.
He compared it to shopping at “supermarkets of love” and said psychological research shows people presented with too many choices tend to make lazy and often poor decisions.
The study’s authors also questioned the algorithms(算法) employed by sites such as eHarmony.com to match people based on their interests or personality—comparing it to having a real estate agent of love. While the algorithm may reduce the number of potential partners from thousands to a few, they may be as unsuitable for each other as two people meeting at random, Dr Finkel explained, adding the chances are no better than finding a relationship by walking into any bar. “There’s no better way to figure out whether you’re a match with somebody than talking to them over a coffee or beer,” Dr Finkel said.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards online dating?
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Indifferent
D. Neutral
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章“But new research reveals that the concept is still highly flawed”可以得出答案。
32. According to Paragraph 2, online dating
A. Attracts a limited number of singles
B. Has been widely studied recently
C. Is criticized as lacking a purpose
D. Offers too many choice
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章“An analysis of 400 studies into online dating shows that while it offers access to plenty of other singles, users can be overwhelmed and put off by the volume of choice, defeating the purpose.”可以得出答案。
33. The phrase “lend themselves to”(Para.3) probably means
A. Be opposed to
B. Be easily used for
C. Be happy with
D. Be consistent with
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章“Psychological Science in the public interest, found that the processes involved don’t lend themselves to forming strong relationships.”可以得出答案。
34. Why is Dr. Finkel mentioned in the passage?
A. He is the lead researcher of the study on online dating
B. He is a well-know professor at Northwestern University
C. He is an expert in analyzing people’s shopping patterns
D. He is the president of a famous online matching website
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章“Lead author Eli J Finkel explained: “Online dating is a terrific addition for singles to meet. However, there are two problems.””可以得出答案。
35. According to Dr Finkel, what is the best way to find a match?
A. An evaluation on the basis of interests and personality.
B. An analysis based on proper computer algorithms
C. A comparison with other potential partners
D. A face-to-face talk with the potential partner
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章““There’s no better way to figure out whether you’re a match with somebody than talking to them over a coffee or beer,” Dr Finkel said.”可以得出答案。
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