Passage 4
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
随着美国人口日益向西部扩散，一种快捷的远距离交通方式成为必然的趋势。早期火车成为了不切实际的古董。长期以来，铁路公司都面临着棘手的机械问题。最严重的问题就是建立能够负重的铁路，建立安全有效的停车机制。一旦这些问题解决了，铁路就能成为最佳的陆上交通方式。截至1860年，几千英里的铁路已经建成。它们横穿东部的山脉直达西部的密西西比。同时也建成了区域性的西南线路。
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental(横贯大陆的) system. In 1862 Congress authorized(审定，授权) two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah, Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades(游行) and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.
铁路建设的顶峰在于建立第一条横贯大陆的体系。1862年，国会授权西部铁路公司建设西起内布拉斯加州东至加利加利福尼亚州的铁路，以此建立一条连接大西洋和太平洋的横贯大陆通道。政府为铁路建设提供资金和土地资助。这个项目的实际工作四年以后才开始。中央太平洋铁路公司从加州开始修建铁路，雇佣中国劳工，而联合太平洋铁路公司则雇佣爱尔兰劳工。两大公司以惊人的速度开工，各自都想比对方铺设更长距离的铁路。1869年，两大公司在海角汇合，即现在的尤他州。很多游客去那儿见证这一伟大时刻。全国上下都庆祝这一壮举。群众游行，教堂敲响钟声都为纪念这一伟大成就。
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
这条铁路极大鼓舞了西进运动。同时也通过快速地把原材料和产品运送到远方市场，从而促进工业和农业的发展。也通过连接城镇和各地人民促进了美国的统一。
16. The major problems with America’s railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in A .
A. poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems
B. lack of financial support for development
C. limited railroad lines
D. lack of a transcontinental railroad
17. The building of the first transcontinental system A .
A. brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west
B. attracted many visitors to the construction sites
C. attracted laborers from Europe
D. encouraged people to travel all over the country
18. The best title for this passage would be B .
A. Settlements Spread Westward
B. The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital Link
C. American Railroad History
D. The Importance of Trains in the American Economy
19. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took B .
A. 9 years B. 7 years C. 4 years D. 3years
20. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad? C
A. The possibility of government support for such a task.
B. The need to explore Utah.
C. The need to connect the east coast with the west.
D. The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.
Part Two: Vocabulary and Structure (20%)
Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet by blackening the letter.
21. C he performed the task with success.
A. It was expected
B. Which was expected
C. As was expected
D. That was expected
22. The professor spoke in a loud voice C every one of us could hear him.
A. such that B. so C. so that D. such
23. I’d get it for you A I could remember who last borrowed the book.
A. On condition that B. now that C. expect that D. considering that
24. We are worried about our son because no one is aware B he has gone.
A. the place B. of where C. about where D. where
25. Measures are to be taken to D economic growth.
A. make B. contribute C. fasten D. accelerate
26. He takes A position in this matter.
A. opposite B. probable C. violent D. relevant
27. I am only partly responsible for the success of this book, my collaborator B more credit.
A. reserves B. deserves C. rewards D. qualifies
28. Scientists have found the C between animal behavior and natural disasters.
A. difference B. indication C. link D. prediction
29. The noise of desks D could be heard out in the street, which indicated the beginning of the class.
A. opening and closing
B. be opened and closed
C. having opened and closed
D. being opened and closed
30. All things B , the planned trip to the transnational waterfall will have to be called off.
A. be considered B. considered C. considering D. having considered
一级建造师二级建造师消防工程师造价工程师土建职称公路检测工程师建筑八大员注册建筑师二级造价师监理工程师咨询工程师房地产估价师 城乡规划师结构工程师岩土工程师安全工程师设备监理师环境影响评价土地登记代理公路造价师公路监理师化工工程师暖通工程师给排水工程师计量工程师