2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第一套）_第3页

　　Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　In the past 12 months,Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage. Now, Africa’s largest in facing a food crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect,leading to a nationwide shortage and escalating prices.

　　The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's largest tomato producing state, leading the government there to declare a state of

　　26 .The insect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops by 27 on fruits and digging into and moving through stalks.It 28 incredibly quickly,

　　breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. it is believed to have 29 in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa.

　　In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets,the insect's effects are devastating. Retail prices for a 30 of tomatoes at local markets have risen from $0. 50 to $2.50. Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $20 million tomato-paste factory has 31 production due to the shortages.

　　Given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria's minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may"create serious problems for food 32 "in the country.Ogbeh says experts are investigating how to control the pest’s damage and prevent its spread, which has gone largely 33 until now.

　　Despite being the continent's second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is 34 on $1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every year.as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities. A further 35 in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the industry.

　　A) dependent I)originated

　　B) Embarking J) reduction

　　C) emergenc K) reproduces

　　D) feeding L)security

　　E) grazes M)terror

　　F) halted N) unchecked

　　G) handful O)unchecked

　　H) multitude

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　who's really addicting you to Technology?

　　A."Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, "wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction

　　B. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, "As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.

　　C.There's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it's important to understand what we’re dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.

　　D.The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows： what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.

　　E.Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipula-tion--making，products so good that people can't stop using them. after studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts with the business model. since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make.It’s no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.

　　F.However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check.According to adam marchick, ceo of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.

　　G.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, but why? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slow

　　Response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.

　　H.Your friends are also responsible.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.

　　I.Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches(打嗝)-loudly.Everyone notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. one has to wonder why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.

　　J.The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.

　　K.The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny--the person holding the phone.

　　L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape discomfort.temporarlly.by answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called"research. "though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延)

　　M.it's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new. Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things agninst our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds,if we weren’t on our devices. We’d likely do similarly unproductive.

　　N.personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.

　　O.These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our habits. our workplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.

　　36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.

　　37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.

　　38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching

　　39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.

　　40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet distractions

　　41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.

　　42.The great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.

　　43.The internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.

　　44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should

　　45.White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employers

　　Section c

　　Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements for each of them there are four choices marked a, b),)nd d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line throu the centre

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　You may have heard that coca-cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devors: cocaine. thecoca in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator chemist john pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup( it). at the time coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic( il jo), and pemberton's sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. but the other half of the name

　　presents another ingredient, less infamous(名声不好的, perhaps, but also strangely pottent: the kola nut.

　　In west africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain that also occurs naturally in tea,coffe ,and chocolate .They also have heart stimulants .

　　Historian paul lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in west africa is hundreds of years old. the leafy, spreading trees were planted on graas part of traditional rituals. even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.

　　Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s when portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now sierra leone. and while the portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods by 1620, when english explorer richard jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts we

　　his eyes.

　　By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to europe and the us Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. one such popular me dicinal drink was vin ma a french product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. it as created by a french chemist, angelo mariani, in 1863. so when pemberton created his drink,

　　it represented an ongoing trend. when cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient.kola-ectract colas became popular.

　　The first year it was available, coca-cola averaged nine servings a day across all the atlanta is where it was sold. as it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. today about 1. 9 billion cokes are purchased daily it's become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985- sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. "coca-cola classic"returned to store shelves just three months after the"new coke"was released.

　　These days, the coca-cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. but it's said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour.

　　46. what do we learn about chemist john pemberton?

　　a)He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement

　　b)he created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law

　　c)he became notorious because of the coca drink he developed

　　d)he risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves

　　47. what does the passage say about kola nuts?

　　a)their commercial value was first discovered by portuguese settler

　　b) they contain some kind of energy boost not found in any other food

　　c) many were shipped to europe in the late 19th century for medicinal us

　　d) they were strange to the europeans when first imported from west africa

　　48. how come kola-extract colas became popular?

　　a)cocaine had become notorious

　　c) were set up to sell them

　　b)alcoholic drinks were prohibited

　　d) rights were sold to bottle the soda

　　49. what is known about the taste of coca-cola?

　　a)it was so designed as to create addiction in consumers

　　b) it still relies on traditional kola nut extract

　　c) it has become more popular among the old.

　　d) it has remained virtually unchanged since its creation

　　50. what is the passage mainly about?

　　a)the evolution of coca-cola

　　c)the medicinal value of coca-cola.

　　b)the success story of coca-cola

　　d) the business strategy of coca-cola.

　　Passage two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage

　　Twenty years ago, the urban land institute defined the two types of cities that dominated the us landscape: smaller cities that operated around standard 9-5 business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all 24 hours of the day. analyzing and comparing cities using the lens of this basic divide gives interesting context to how investment capital flows and housing prices have

　　In recent years, many mid-sized cities have begun to adopt a middle-of-the-road approach incorporating the excitement and opportunity of large cities with small cities' quiet after midnight.these18-hour cities are beginning to make waves in real estate rankings and attract more reaestate investment. what is underlying this new movement in real estate, and why do these cities have so much appeal

　　18-hour cities combine the best of 24-hour and 9-5 cities, which contributes to downtown revitalization. for decades, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs. movement out of city centers was widespread and downtown tenants were predominantly made up of the working poor. this generated little

　　ommerce for downtown businesses in the evenings, which made business and generating tax renenue for municipal upkeep difficult. with the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims and more conver increasing popularity for urban areas treal estate pushes in major cities like san francisco or new york, has inspired a type of forward thinking urbanity and in smaller cities

　　Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modern housing and improved walkability to local restaurants, retail and entertainment -especially when combined with improved infra structure for cyclists and public transit-makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic. these adjustments encourage employers in the knowledge and talent industries to keep their offices downtown. access to foot traffic and proximity to transit allow the type of entertainment-oriented businesses such as bars and restaurants to stay open later, which attracts both younger, creative workers and baby boomers nearing retirement alike. because of their smaller size, most keep hours that allow people to enjoy themselves, then have some quiet after midnight, as opposed to large ajor cities like new york, where the buzz of activity is ongoing.

　　These 18-hour cities are rapidly on the rise and offer great opportunities for ho

　　investment in many of these cities such as denver, a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the urban core has offered stable employment for residents. the right urban mix has propped up home occupancy increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital.

　　51. what do we learn about american cities twenty years ago?

　　a)they were divided into residential and business areas

　　b)their housing prices were linked with their prosperity.

　　c)there was a clear divide between large and small cities

　　d) they were places where large investment capital flowed.

　　52. what can be inferred from the passage about 18-hour cities?

　　a) they especially appeal to small businesses

　　b)they have seen a rise in property prices.

　　c)they have replaced quiet with excitement

　　d) they have changed america's landscape

　　53 years ago, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities().

　　a)had hardly any business activity

　　c) exhibited no signs of prosperity

　　b)were crowded in business hours

　　d) looked deserted in the evenings

　　4. what characterizes the new downtown areas in 18-hour cities?

　　a)a sudden emergence of the knowledge industry.

　　b)flooding in of large crowds of migrant workers

　　c) housing and improved infrastructure

　　d) more comfortable life and greater upward mobility.

　　55. what have 18-hour cities brought to the local residents?

　　a)more chances for promotion.

　　c) greater cultural diversity.

　　b) healthier living environment.

　　d)Better job opportunities