2018年大学英语四级翻译试题库：改土归流

2018年大学英语四级翻译试题库：改土归流

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　改土归流

　　改土归流又称土司改流、改土设流、废土改流，始于明代中后期，是指将原来统治少数民族的土司头目废除，改为朝廷中央政府派任流官。改土归流有利于消除土司制度的落后性，同时加强中央对西南一些少数民族聚居地区的统治。

　　参考译文

　　Bureaucratization of Native Officers

　　The term "Bureaucratization of Native Officers", also known as bureaucratization of chieftains, or replacement of chieftains with centrally-appointed non-hereditary officials, or conversion of chieftains into centrally-appointed non-hereditary officials beginning in the middle and late period of the Ming Dynasty, refers to the abolition of the original system of the chieftain ruling the ethnic minorities to establish the system of non-hereditary officials appointed by the central government of the imperial court. This procedure overcame the backwardness of the system of chieftains and consolidated the central government’s ruling of some areas for ethnic minorities in the southwest.

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