2016年英语四级考试模考强化实战训练题三_第2页

　　Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

　　文章精要

　　无论人们是否意识到，视觉化在日常生活中普遍存在，而且起着重要的作用。本文讲述了视觉化如何运作，以及如何通过视觉化加速成功。文章先通过打篮球的例子指出想象在人的思维中所起的重要作用;然后通过现实生活申找路的例子，讲述了如何在思维中建立想象的路径，以及怎样用想象来使我们达到成功的目的。

　　1.B根据题干信息词visualization和works定位到文章第一段末句，即：视觉化并不需要专研其概念和理论也能运作，选项B中的searching deeply into相当于原文的delving into，故选B。选项A与原文相反。原文中提到那些概念和理论还未被证实，所以选项c也不对。

　　2.A根据题干信息词experiment和Alan Richardson定位到文章第二段。本题问的是“Alan Richardson试验中前两个队的结果是什么?”文中提到：被要求每天想象打篮球的人与实际练习打篮球的人水平相似，故选A。

　　3.B根据题干信息词visualized和actually practiced定位到文中“How Can that be so?”问题下，即文章第四段。本题问的是“那些仅仅想象打篮球的人是怎么做到与每天实际练习打篮球的人做的一样好呢?”文中提到：被要求想象打篮球的人是依靠在思维中建立感觉和记忆达到成功的，故选B。cet4v.com是否聪明、是否以前练习过打球或者看过别人练习打球，故排除A、c、D。

　　4.C根据题干信息词try another different direction定位到文章第六、七段。本题问“当你已经找到了一条路时，在什么情况下会使得你想尝试换另一个不同的方向?”文中提到：如果农夫用枪袭击你，并放狗咬你，一旦你从医院康复出来，你就有可能寻找一条新的路回家，故选C。选项A(你已经知道这条路cet4v.com愉快且轻松的路)，原文中提到，在这种情况下换路的可能性几乎没有，slim在这里意为“(希望、可能性)微小的，渺茫的”。选项B(有一个长满长草的牧场可以缩短20分钟步行时间)，这是指没有抄近路之前，而题于是you already have one path made的情况，所以排除。

　　5.A根据题干信息词difficulty snapping negative loops ofthinking定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段。本题问的是“日常生活中，人们为什么很难停止消极思维的恶性循环”，该段第二句提到：由于思维已经形成，保持它比在大脑中试着想象新的事情、形成新的连接更容易，故选A。文中并没有提到消极思维是否比积极思维更容易形成并巩固，所以其他三项均排除。

　　6.D根据题干信息词basketball visualizers定位到文章中第三个小标题下的第一段。本题问的是“视觉化在被要求想象打篮球的人的大脑里是怎么运作的”，该段第二句提到：想象打篮球的人是这么做的，他们将自己无意识的思想变成认为他们知道怎么打篮球的思想，故选D。cet4v.com在想象之前打过篮球，也没有提到他们是否日 思夜想如何打球，故排除A、B。该段最后一句提到仅仅是想象的话不可能把他们变成NBA球星，选项c也不对。

　　7.D根据题干信息词NBA star定位到文章第三个小标题下的第一段最后一句。即：当然这不会使你成为一名NBA球星，你需要实际练习，但是它能够帮助你加速成功。cet4v.com上视觉化可能让你变成球星，故选D。

　　8.replaying negative stuff,根据题干信息词not advisable将本题答案定位于第三个小标题下第二段。该段倒数第二句讲到：每天视觉化你的成功20分钟，然后花l0个小时用来担心失败、脑海中反复想象负面内容，这是很不明智的。因此这里需要填入replaying negative stuff。

　　9.visualization。根据题干信息词fake it till you make it定位到文章倒数第二段。该段提到：You can also incorporate the“fake it till you make it”method in with your visualization to help speed up the process.即：你

　　也可以将“装下去直到成功”的方法与视觉化结合起来，这样可以帮助你加快进程。Combine和incorporate同义，故本题应填visualization。

　　10.Reality。根据题干信息词it just gets in the way and cet4v.com定位到文章末段。该段提到：In fact.

　　successful people don’t care too cet4v.com;it just gets in the way and cet4v.com.即：实际上，成功的人并没有更多地关注事实，它只会碍事儿，让他们减速，故本题应填Reality。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　文章精要

　　文章简单介绍了“电视大学”(又名开放大学或函授大学)的招生、学习内容以及学习时间等基本情况。

　　26.c信息明示题。文章第一段指出入校前他们不需要通过任何考试，所以名为“开放大学”，C正确。

　　27.D信息明示题。文章第二段指出，0nthe air，in otherwords，on radio and television，由此可知D正确。

　　28.c信息明示题。文章第二段指出….must also spend three weeks…由此可知C正确。

　　29.A信息明示题。文章最后指出一.Will finish their studies in four or five years，由此可知A正确。

　　Passage Two

　　文章精要

　　本文主要讲述了阅读过程中的五个步骤——通读、设问、阅读、复习、叙述。

　　30.C信息明示题。文章开头指出，The letters stand for five steps in the reading process…由此可知SQ3R代表了阅读过程中的五个步骤，故选c。

　　31.A信息明示题。文章在讲到阅读这一步骤时提到，Think about what you are reading as a series of ideas，not just a sequence of words曲此可知A正确。

　　32.B信息明示题。文章在最后提到，The last step is recite.由此可知B正确。

　　Passage Three

　　文章精要

　　文章讲述了RichfieldHeights地区因教师罢课而导致公立中小学停课的事情。引起此次争端的不是工资问题，而是学校委员会在教师合同中取消了教师带薪病假的规定。

　　33.D信息明示题。文章提到in the dispute…which_eliminates paid sick leave from the teachers’contract，由此可知，此次争端的主要问题是学校委员会在教师合同中取消了教师带薪病假的规定，所以D正确。

　　34.B信息明示题。由文章最后提到的The Parent Board…has urged the teachers to retum to work可知，家长委员会先前同情老师的遭遇，但现在希望老师马上回到工作岗位，所以B正确。

　　35.C综合推断题。文章提到，教师协会的发言人在新闻发布会上声称罢工会一直持续到学校委员会同意开听证会解决此争端为止，由此推断，教师协会最不可能支持回校工作的命令，所以C正确。

　　Section C

　　文章精要

　　企鹅有很多种，其中最大的是帝企鹅。帝企鹅是群居动物，生活在南极洲，夏季在海洋中生活，冬季到内陆进行繁殖。

　　36. hemisphere

　　37. species

　　38. centimeters

　　39. method

　　40. freezing

　　41. search

　　42. squid

　　43. excellent

　　44. They can dive as deep as 460 meters and hold their breath for up to 20 minutes.

　　45. The penguins jump out of the water and onto the ice. They know it is time to find a mate and reproduce.

　　46. In order to mate, the penguins must travel many kilometers inland from the ocean. They do this to find a safe area to spend the many months needed to produce and develop an egg. ~ e human. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading,in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to 47 in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already.

　　It is not likely that everyone is 48 in this. It shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or 49 , is by nature equal in all men; and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better 50 with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things. For it is not enough to have a good mind; what is most important is to 51 it rightly.

　　The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can 52 much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray.

　　For my part, I have never 53 my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my 54 as capacious or prompt, as those of some other

　　men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the 55 of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in

　　each of us, and to follow in the common 56 of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, of the individuals of a single species.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle’s husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy

　　family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.

　　Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.

　　Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home--the highest in 15 years.

　　Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.

　　To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished

　　marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.

　　Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. "It’s typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people’s pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing

　　yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty."

　　The Salvation Army’s Investigation Department has a 70 percent success rate in tracking missing people down. According to Lt. Co. Bramwell Pratt, head of the department, men and women run away for very different reasons though lack of

　　communication is often the biggest motive. "The things that disturb a man’s personality are problems like being tied up in debt or serious worries about work. And some women make impossible demands on their husbands. Women usually leave for more obvious reasons but fear is at the root of it. Men are more often prepared to give their marriage another try than women, but we are aware that, for some wives, it would be a total impossibility to return after the way they’ve been treated."

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　57. When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle __

　　[A] could not forgive him for taking the children

　　[B] had been expecting it to happen for some time

　　[C] could not understand why

　　[D] blamed herself for what had happened

　　58. Most people who leave their families behind them __

　　[A] do so without warning

　　[B] do so because of their debts

　　[C] come back immediately

　　[D] change their names

　　59. The man or woman left behind usually __

　　[A] admits responsibility for the situation

　　[B] wishes the person who has left were dead

　　[C] feels embarrassed and useless

　　[D] will have no legal marriage life for seven years

　　60. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as __

　　[A] an act of despair

　　[B] an act of selfishness

　　[C] the result of a sudden decision

　　[D] the result of the enormous sense of guilt

　　61. The Salvation Army believes that__

　　[A] most men run away because of the impossible demands of their wives

　　[B] men’s reasons are more understandable than women’s

　　[C] some women never give their men another chance

　　[D] women are often afraid to start marriage again

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation (羞辱) is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.

　　Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways.

　　While extroverts (性格外向者 ) will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better.

　　Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect.

　　In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.

　　Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the

　　audience that the words might not be true.

　　Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you’ve been cheated.

　　Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana’s funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers. But, being yourself doesn’t work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.

　　I remember going to see British psychiatrist R. D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.

　　The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of "flow", as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　62. Women hate public speaking most mainly because of

　　[A] their upbringing very early on

　　[B] their inability to appeal to the audience

　　[C] their sense of greater public pressure

　　[D] their sense of greater humiliation

　　63. "This" in Paragraph Two refers to __

　　[A] insecurity

　　[B] sense of failure

　　[C] public speaking

　　[D] pressure

　　64. Which of the following is NOT the author’s viewpoint?

　　[A] Acting like performers spoils the message in a speech.

　　[B] Perfection of scripts is necessary in making good impressions.

　　[C] Acting naturally means less dependence on the prepared script.

　　[D] There should be a balance between actual acting and acting naturally.

　　65. What is the author’s view on personality?

　　[A] Personality is the key to success in public speaking.

　　[B] Extroverts are better public speakers.

　　[C] Introverts have to learn harder to be good speakers.

　　[D] Factors other than personality ensure better performance.

　　66. The author implies that while speaking R. D. Laing

　　[A] was both too casual and authentic

　　[B] was acting like a performer

　　[C] was keeping a good balance

　　[D] was aware of his audience

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

　　Section A

　　文章精要

　　文章指出，良好的判断力是每个人生而具备的。不要指望自己的判断力或智力超乎常人，只要保持正确的方向，向目标前进，总会有所收获。

　　47.B该空格前为动词不定式的标志词to，空格后为介词in，因此填入空格处的应为动词，且为动词原形。该句意为“判断力是世界上最公平分配的事物了，即使是最难对其他事物_____的人通常也不会希望自己有更好的判断力”，可见大家对自己的判断力都感到满意，故填入空格处的动词应意为“满意”，只有B最符合。

　　48.L该空格前为be动词is，且该句的主语为人，因此填入空格处的应为形容词。该句意为“这并不是说每个人在这方面都是_____”，结合上文可知此处的this即指代上文所说的人们希望自已拥有更强的判断力这件事，因此可知填入空格处的形容词应意为“错误的”，只有L最符合。

　　49.K该空格前为连词or，由于or前后连接的应为并列成分，因此填入空格处的应为名词。该句意为“正确的判断和分辨正误的能力被称为好的判断力或_____”，结合上文可知填入空格处的名词应与good sense具有相近的意义，结合选项可知K(理智)最符合。

　　50.G该空格前有be动词are，空格后为短句，因此填入空格处的应为动词，且为被动形式。该句意为“因此，我们观点的不同并不是因为一些人被更好地_____理智，而是因为我们的思维方式不同，并且我们没有考虑相同的事物”，结合上下文可知该旬意思是说并不是某些人被天生赋予了判断力强的这种能力，因此填入空格处的动词应意为“赋予”，且endow with为固定搭配，意为“赋予”，故只有G最符合。

　　51.O该空格前为不定式的标志词to，空格后为代词it，因此填入空格处的应为动词。该句意为“因此，有一个优秀的思想是不够的，最重要的是要正确地_____它(思想)”，结合句意可知此处是要说明正确运用我们的思想，因此填入空格处的动词应意为“运用”，只有0最符合。

　　52.E该空格前为情态动词can，因此填入空格处的应为动词。该句意为“最伟大的思想也可能会犯最大的错误，而那些走得慢的人如果能够保证永远走在径直的路上，也能够比那些跑步而迷路的人_____得更远”，结合上下文可知此处是说走得慢的人有时候会比走得快的人走得更远，因此填入空格处的动词应意为“前进、前行”，只有E最符合。

　　53.I该空格前有动词have，空格后为名词，因此填入空格处的应为动词，且为完成时态。该句意为“对我来说，我从来没_____我的思想在哪方面比一般人更完美”，结合句意可知填入该空格的动词应意为“认为”，只有I最符合。

　　54.N该空格前为物主代词my，空格后为形容词，因此填入空格处的应为名词。该句意为“事实上，我常常希望我会像其他人那样，思维敏锐、想象力精确而独特，_____和他们一样容量大或迅速”，结合句意可知填入空格的名词应意为“记忆力”，只有N最符合。

　　55.H该空格前为定冠词the，后为介词of，因此填入空格处的应为名词。该句意为“我知道没有别的品质能比得上以上说的那些有利于思想的_____了”，结合上文我们知道作者是想追求思想的完美，因此填入空格处的名词应意为“完美”，只有H最符合。

　　56.D该空格前为形容词common，空格后为介词of，因此填入空格处的应为名词。该句意为“我很愿意相信，

　　这对于我们每个人来说都是个整体，并且按照哲学家最常见的_____，他们认为事件或多或少会有差别，但是一个种族里个人的形式或天性是没有差别的”，结合句意可知作者是说哲学家认为人们遇到的事情不同，但人们本身的思维能力是无差别的，因此填入空格处的名词应意为“看法”，只有D最符合。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　文章精要

　　文章以爱琳·道尔的丈夫的突然离家出走为例，具体论述了如今某些成年人抛弃家庭，和自己的过去诀别的现象和原因。

　　57.C综合推断题。文章第一段最后一句指出，爱琳认为他们的家庭一直很幸福，就她所知，他们的婚姻也没有任何问题。言外之意，爱琳不知道她丈夫不辞而别的原因，所以c正确。

　　58.A信息明示题。由文章第二段可知，每天都有一些男人和女人悄然收拾几件东西，没有留下任何纸条或说一声再见，就最后一次关上前门离家出走了。由此可知，他们离家出走并没有什么征兆，所以A正确。

　　59.C综合推断题。文章第四段第一句指出，这样的遗弃严重打击了被遗弃者的自尊心和自信心，再结合选项可推断出，被遗弃者会觉得自己无用并感到难堪，故选c。

　　60.B综合推断题。文章第五段第二句指出，这种人的典型性格就是漠视他人的痛苦与困难。由此可知，这种行为是自私的，所以B正确。

　　61.c综合推断题。文章最后指出，救世军调查部的主任认为，对一些妻子而言，在受到伤害后就再也不可能回到从前的生活中了，故选C;文中虽然提到女人向丈夫提出难以实现的要求是造成男人离家出走的原因之一，但说的是some(一些)，而非most(绝大多数)，故排除A。

　　Passage Two

　　文章精要

　　文章介绍了在公共场合演讲让大多数人感到恐惧，并解释了这其中的原因。文中提到要想演讲得好就要扮演真实的自己，但是又不能过于随意。文章最后提到演讲最好的状态是一种无自我意识的自我意识，让人有自然的感觉。

　　62.c信息明示题。第一段的最后一句提到，女性最讨厌演讲，因为女孩子们从小就感受到公开露面的压力，因此选C。本题的干扰项D项说因为女性的害羞感更强，并不是正确选项，害羞是人们害怕演讲的首要原因，但并不是女性独有的特点。

　　63.c综合推断题。第二段的第一句提到，很多人都有比较强的不安全感，而这似乎是出现这种情况的原因。

　　根据上下文，指示代词this在这里指代的是本篇文章的主题：公开演讲，故选C。

　　64.B综合推断题。这是一道反向题，要求选出不是作者观点的选项。第七段提到稿子很少能起作用，它只是演讲者的拐杖而已，可见稿子的完美也并不是好的表达的必须条件。故选B。A项可以在第五段的开头找到，真正的表演，像在表演一个演员的台词，而不是自己的台词，这样是行不通的。接下来第六段指出，同样许多美国学者的完美到不可思议的演讲也非常不自然。可能在听完演讲后买他们的书，很快就会发现，你会感觉这就像快餐一样，有种莫名的上当受骗的感觉。因此C和D也是正确的。

　　65.D综合推断题。本题可以采用排除法。文章第四段开头指出，性格并不能最准确地预测一个人是否成功，

　　因此排除A。在第三段开头提到，虽然性格外向的人面对这种折磨感受到的恐惧要小一些，但并不意味着他们就会做得更好。有些很害羞的人也能出类拔萃，因此排除8和c，故选D。

　　66.B综合推断题。倒数第二段描述R.D.Lain9的行为完全像是一个怪人，虽然他谈论的话题是疯狂，文章写的是精神