2016年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案（三）_第4页

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requested to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hitlist of our main fears: natural resources are 47 out; the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; species are becoming 48 in vast numbers, and the planet’s air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more 49 not less so, since the book ‘The Limits to Growth’ was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per 50 of the world’s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are 51 . Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25~50%, as has so often been 52 . And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been 53 , or are transient – associated with the early stages of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by 54 it. One form of pollution – the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming – does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to 55 a devastating (令人心神不安的) problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and some factors seem to cause this disjunction between 56 and reality.

　　A) pose I) starving

　　B) exaggerated J) head

　　C) accelerating K) running

　　D) extinct L) predicted

　　E) exist M) abundant

　　F) perception N) conception

　　G) wealthy O) reducing

　　H) magnified

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements(引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals. Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for selfrealization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy( 等级制度)w hereby the lowerorder needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higherorder ones come into play. One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and selfrealization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as associations with others, selfrespect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.

　　57. According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by _______.

　　A) satisfying their physiological needs

　　B) satisfying their selfrealization needs

　　C) satisfying hierarchy of their higherorder need

　　D) first satisfying their lowerorder needs

　　58. Lowerorder needs concern a person’s _______.

　　A) essential physical needs C) selfrealization

　　B) selfrespect

　　D) working relationships with others

　　59. Which of the following is NOT a higher need that attracts people to work?

　　A) Association with others. C) Interest value of the work.

　　B) Possibility of earning a good salary. D) Cultivation of selfrespect.

　　60. Which of the following statements may be supported by Morse and Weiss?

　　A) Physiological needs are the most basic.

　　B) There is a hierarchy of needs that must be met.

　　C) Economic factors are the greatest inducement.

　　D) Personal esteem and the gaining of power is the most important factor.

　　61. Simon points out that ________.

　　A) the needs of individuals range from hunger to selfrealization

　　B) economic factors are not the only inducement for working

　　C) effective inducements must be based on what individuals want

　　D) inducements must not be too varied

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a burden on the memory, it is energizing as the poet of our dreams and as the architect of our purposes. Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. It works by eliciting the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes. Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination. Fools act on imagination without knowledge; pedants(学究)act on knowledge without imagination. The task of university is to weld together imagination and experience.

　　62. The main theme of the passage is ____.

　　A) the access to knowledge in university

　　B) the function of universities

　　C) the role of imagination in our lives

　　D) the relationship between imagination and experience

　　63. According to the passage, the justification for a university is that ____.

　　A) it presents facts and experience to young and old

　　B) it imparts knowledge to imaginative people

　　C) it combines imagination with knowledge and experience

　　D) it enables men to construct an intellectual vision of the world

　　64. The word “eliciting” in paragraph 2 probably means ____.

　　A) applying C) drawing forth

　　B) challenging D) preserving

　　65. Which of the following is NOT discussed as one of the things imagination can do?

　　A) It makes our life exciting and worthwhile.

　　B) It helps us to understand the world.

　　C) It helps us to formulate Laws about the facts.

　　D) It provides inspiration to the artists.

　　66. According to the author, the tragedy of the world is that ____.

　　A) our energy of imagination cannot be preserved

　　B) our imagination is seldom disciplined

　　C) we grow old inevitably

　　D) too many people are either fools or pedants