2018年5月CATTI英语二级口译试题
Part 1 English to Chinese Interpreting
Passage 1
亚洲国家经济增长
Ladies and gentlemen, there are more than 95% of the Asian countries that are middle income countries, compared to less than 10% 20 years ago. Such dramatic change is due to the rapid economic growth of China, India, Indonesia and other Asian countries. Now the challenge that is faced by all the Asian countries largely in the middle income region is how to transition into high income economies. Many developing countries’ experience for the past 50 years has shown that, such transition is not easy. Brazil and Columbus has been at the middle income level for decades, but still not yet breakthrough. At the same time, Singapore has transitioned from the middle income level to high income level with only 25 years has also shown that this can be done.
Investment in infrastructure is key to countries to follow through this transition. However, countries have to step up their efforts in productivity promotion, meaning that it’s half to make sure the good use of input instead of only focusing the amount of input. For the past 10 years productivity growth accounted for 30% of economic growth. Innovation is what needs to be promoted together with high-quality infrastructure as well as human capital. Innovation is getting more and more important as a country develops its economy. It helps with creating new products and more values in products, in turn will even further economic development and increase wage level.
Higher quality of human capital means more scaled and more knowledgeable work force, which is the foundation of any economy. Enhancing the quality of human capital is going to boost growth and equity. A recent study has shown that 20% increase in human capital investment will lead to 3% of productivity growth and narrowing the income gap by 4%. Workers in middle income countries have an average of six years of schooling. That is why countries need to close such gap compared to 10 years of average schooling in high income countries. Quality of education is even more crucial. In math and science subjects 15 year old students in high income countries are doing much better than those in middle income countries. Students with strong abilities in reading writing and problem-solving are more likely to become the future innovators. Sorry also shows a direct relation between investments made in education and growth in GDP.
Different countries prioritize different infrastructure. Low income countries often need to meet the basic needs such as water supply public health and transportation. Once countries develop even further they won’t need to focus on electricity and IT infrastructure. IT is a key driver to innovation because it helps create and spread knowledge. Middle income countries with more Internet users are more innovative than those without the internet. Increasing investment in IT is going to boost innovation and productivity.
To encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, countries have to step up efforts in intellectual property protection as well as the rule of law, increased financing and created equal policies to boost competition. According to estimation, about US$26 trillion will be spent from 2016 to 2030 on infrastructure investment, in order to lower the impact of climate change. To meet this need, Asian countries need to carry out tax reform, change their economic structure and borrow prudently. But they tend to face a founding shortage anyway. That is why Asian countries have to attract more private investment and build a better investment environment - working with private investors and offer a higher return. To conclude, I believe Asian countries have come so far so quickly, The promotion of human capital to achieve sustained growth can be done. That is going to be the natural next step for us.
Passage 2
人工智能发展趋势
Today I would like to talk about technology and where technology is going. The major trend for technology is that it is getting smarter and smarter, which I call artificial intelligence, AI. The use of AI includes robots that are going to undertake a lot of the tasks that human used to do. It is going to redefine jobs and create more tasks that we had no idea exist. This is going to bring drastic changes to society for the next 20 years.
Of course we already have AI right now and they are working at the back offices. AIs have eyes in the hospital diagnosing X-rays better than human doctors. AIs have eyes at the back offices of law firms processing legal evidence better than human lawyers. For pilots they only work for 7 to 8 minutes when flying a plane because AI is doing the rest of the work. We also have Amazon and Alibaba that provide smart recommendations with AIs at the back offices. AlphaGo also defeated the world’s Go champion. When we play video games we are playing against AIs. Now what Google is doing is trying to teach AIs how to play video games. And with such learning mechanisms, AI was getting smarter and smarter.
There are two aspects that is not truly appreciated by humans. The first is that humans do not really understand the concept of intelligence. Humans tend to have the single dimensional understanding, thinking that IQ is the only way of showing intelligence. For example a rat is the least smart, a monkey is better. Then an average person such as me as smarter than a monkey but not smarter than a genius. Such understanding of intelligence is completely wrong. Human intelligence is like a symphony, in fact, it’s like different instruments playing together.
Secondly, AI was the technology leading the second industrial revolution. First industrial revolution relied on artificial force. Before the agricultural revolution, all work was done by human muscle or animal force. It is extremely important that during the first agriculture revolution we utilized steam and fossil fuels to power productivity. That is why when we drive a car today it is using the force of 2500 horses, that is, 2500 horse power. Artificial force is what helps us to build sky scrapers and produce massive products in factories that cannot be done by humans.
Artificial forces can also go through wires and grid, Connecting homes, factories, and farmlands, that is offered to everyone to buy. And the smartness of artificial intelligence is multiplied by 1 million times powers the Second Industrial Revolution. That is why the cars on the highway with 2500 horsepower is going to be automated in the future. And AI will be developed, just as electricity to the grid, on the cloud.
Part 2 Chinese to English Interpreting
Passage 1
中国新四大发明
2000年前，中国发明了指南针、火药、造纸术、以及印刷术，这四大发明推动了人类文明的进步。自改革开放以来，世界也在见证着中国的高速发展和变化，并出现了新的四大发明——高铁、手机支付、共享单车以及网上购物。
中国的高铁正处于世界的领先地位，中国仅用了10年的时间，高铁网络便已覆盖全国，横跨长度达2.2万公里，占世界高铁总长度的65%。从首都北京到最大的都市上海，高铁长达1300公里，时速350公里，票价仅仅相当于70欧元，这深刻的改变了中国人们的出行方式。
在中国，不论身处何方，都可以运用手机进行支付，给人们的生活带来了巨大的便利。无论是打车、购物还是看电影，都可以用手机支付。目前，中国已经有四亿人口在使用手机支付，交易金额高达5.5万亿元。中国已经逐渐进入了无现金社会，并且在技术处于世界各国当中的最先进水平。
近几年来，共享单车发展迅猛。无论是大小城市任何角落，你都可以看到共享单车的身影。可以在任意地点使用，并在任意地点归还。只要下载手机客户端，就可以解锁单车，并且可以用手机进行支付。共享单车的出现有更好的促进人们健康出行。
网上购物你改变了人们的购物方式。如今在中国有5亿人口在网上进行购物，贸易量达27万亿，占全球电商贸易额的40%。购买的商品将会在当天或者是第二天送达。网上购物的兴起刺激了消费，成为了中国经济发展的主要动力之一。中国为什么会出现新的四大发明呢?答案很简单，就是创新。中国政府正在大力鼓励企业创新，给予多方面的支持。过几年各位再一次来到中国的时候，我相信一定会看到中国的更多发明。
Passage 2
新型全球化
对我而言，当今的全球化面临着一个突出的问题，那就是包容性不足。在某些地区，自由贸易不仅具有歧视性，同时还具有排他性。现在我们必须要建立起开放包容的制度安排中国的一带一路倡议，恰恰就是为这一问题贡献中国智慧和中国力量，以此来更好地推动各国共同发展。
新型全球化旨在促进创新，并适应创新。全球经济依赖工业革命和数字经济的发展，因此各个国家应注重对技术革命方面的培训。在发展中更好的提供支持援助以及技术转让，帮助贫困国家更好的缩小技术鸿沟。
绿色经济是新型全球化必不可少的条件。过去的100年来，有工业革命造成的环境污染，导致绝大部分发展中国家所面临的环境压力不断升级。环境是发展的基础，没有良好的环境，经济也无法得以繁荣。然而发展也是环境保护的前提条件，只有经济发展社会进步了才能更有效的保护环境。
新型全球化必须要建立在可持续框架的前提之下，各国发展必须要均衡考虑经济发展、减少贫困与环境保护，推动绿色经济发展，达到经济与环境双赢。
那么如何实现人们所期待的新型全球化呢?不同的人肯定有不同的答案。但是有一个条件是肯定的，那就是我们必须要反对保护主义和孤立主义，实现开发包容。无论是大国还是小国啊，大型跨国企业还是中小型企业，都应该加入进来，共享新型全球化的益处。
