Passage 1
One is that economic production becomes more concentrated spatially, that is, regionally, in the most successful parts of provinces in the most successful countries in the world (1), so as in fact David pointed out, having things that are concentrated is not necessarily a bad thing, in fact in many cases it’s a good thing. The second point is that as economic production concentrates, living standards of people, aided by government policies, become more equal after becoming first a little bit more unequal (2). So eventually there is a divergence..., there is a convergence of living standards after a period of divergence (3).
翻译培训技能提示：
(1)英文的“头轻脚重”得益于关系代词和介词的灵活使用。此句从笔译角度来 看毫无难度，但是对于同传译员来说绝非易事。三个in让译员陷入僵局：等发言人说完再译还是顺句切分?等待可以确保表达的流畅和完整，但是对于工作记忆能力一般或EVS较短的译员来说，风险很大。若顺句驱动，要注意添加连接词。
(2)与其说反说是一种技巧，不如说是一种意识。听到before或after,就要心中有数，必要时采取转换。
(3)发言人的错误尽量不要译，否则目的语听众会归咎于译员。听到divergence 的时候，不论知不知道这个词是对是错，译员都应该先等待一下，因为这个词必须和后面的信息联系在一起才有意义“在什么方面拉开差距”。在等待的过程中，发言人纠正自己的错误，译员也可以避免将错误信息译出。
Passage 2
Let me end this part of this talk by talking about just three country examples about how these are applied and giving you three... this is a report about economic geography, doing this by showing you three maps of countries (1), one of China, one of India, and one of Brazil. This is the map that is based on the report that David talked about on two things, one is the poverty map of China, which is the percent of people living below two dollars a day 2002 (2). The darker area is the larger percentage; the lighter area is the smaller percentage.
翻译培训技能提示：
(1)如果发言人读稿，那么一般就不会有逻辑问题，口误也少，但是译员很难跟上发言速度，因为“读”不同于“说”，缺乏一个思维过程，容易读快。不读稿，错误就多，译员就得提防，尽量利用时间差，略去发言人自己讲错、立刻纠正的信息。
(2)看似简单的句子，因为关系代词和介词的使用，对译员的加工能力提出了很 高的要求。此句采用顺句驱动较为合适，将that视为衔接各意群的标识。另外，也可通过发言人使用的幻灯片帮助自己掌握信息。
Passage 3
This is the 30th anniversary of the beginning of reform and opening up in China (1). And during that period, Guangdong has been a leading province in reform and in development. I think everyone in the world is quite impressed with the development in China (2). And within that, Guangdong is certainly a leading example of reform and development.
翻译培训技能提示：
(1)这里不仅仅要考虑of和in两个介词的结构作用，还要看到成功的预测对于译 员的帮助。通过译前准备或者对前文的理解，译员对于主题知识和发言主要内容要心中有数。一旦听到“三十周年”，就要主动搜索记忆里的知识，提前预判“中国改革开放三十周年”。
(2)被动变主动经常会给译员带来麻烦。译员需要有调整语言结构的意识，把握常用的转换方法。虽说同传的过程是活的，是需要随机应变的，但能够掌握常用的表达方式，变非自动的信息检索为自动的信息供给，译员就可以腾出更多的时间来加工、处理接踵而来的信息。
