Questions 61 — 70 are based on the following passage.
Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it if possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
61. Every group of human beings has ____.
its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of life
an extremely complex and delicate language
its own elegant music, literature, and other arts
the process of growing crops or raising animals
62. To the professional linguists, ____.
there is no intrinsic superiority of cultures
there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languages
all languages came from grunts and groans
all languages are most severe and standard
63. Most languages of uncivilized groups are ____.
A. adequate B. numerous C. ingenious D. ingenuous
64. “Backward” languages fall behind Western languages in ____.
A. ways to transfer ideas B. forms to satisfy needs
C. abilities to answer description D. systems to expand vocabulary
65. All languages, whether civilized or not, have their own ____.
A. ways to transfer ideas B. forms to satisfy needs
C. abilities to answer description D. systems to expand vocabulary
66. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?
Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.
Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.
The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultures.
The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.
67. It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed ____.
A. profoundly B. intrinsically C. independently D. professionally
68. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to ____.
A. do more activities B. learn about a new culture
C. meet more people D. need more names
69. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward “backward” languages is ____.
A. restrained B. subjective C. objective D. resolute
70. This passage is on the whole ____.
A. narrative B. instructive C. prescriptive D. argumentative
Questions 71 — 80 are based on the following passage.
The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks and charlatans — disreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times are easy to find.
To begin with, pain seems to be a chronic human condition. A person whose body or mind “hurts” will often pay any amount of money for the promise of relief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that beset men and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympathetic ears.
Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancer will be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) a salesperson who says that several bottles of a secret formula “snake oil” will cure not only cancer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for “snake oil”.
Many “snake oil” remedies are highly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder that “snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But let there be no misunderstandings. A very few “home remedies” actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can be harmful as well.
71. In this passage, a quack or a charlatan is someone who ____.
A. has a special ability B. has little knowledge
C. is not a good doctor D. pretends to be a doctor
72. The sentence “pain seems to be a chronic human condition” means pain seems to ____.
A. be very serious B. be very difficult
C. last for a long time D. be always happening
73. Quackery thrives even in modern times because ____.
patients pay any amount of money
patients do not like their physicians
quacks say that they can help patients
best medical treatment costs very much
74. People who seek the advice of quacks and charlatans are those who ____.
A. are poorly educated B. are highly educated
C. dislike medical treatments D. mistrust physicians’ truths
75. To evaluate medical claims, one must ____.
A. turn to reputable doctors B. make an adequate choice
C. have the necessary training D.. disbelieve promise of relief
76. According to the author, a very few home remedies are ____.
A. useless B. harmful C. pleasant D. effective
77. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Quacks are really sympathetic. B. “Snake oil” does not work.
C. Doctors cannot cure all ills. D. Patients are often impatient.
78. Many individuals opt for “snake oil” because they ____.
A. are misled by a secret formula B. cannot afford a treatment
C. lack medical knowledge D. do not trust physicians
79. “Snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts because it has ____.
A. actually worked B. some fruit stones
C. been misunderstood D. alcohol or narcotic drugs
80. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?
A. Distrust of Physicians B. Medical Treatment
C. Snake Oil Remedies D. Guard Against Quackery
Questions 81 — 90 are based on the following passage.
Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.
As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors — retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living — lower the status of the aged in society.
A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.
81. By “a system of build-in obsolescence” the author means ___.
no formal systems exist in modern industrial society
old people have no status in modern industrial society
young people have chances in modern industrial society
knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society
82. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true?
People don’t have to gain education.
People don’t have to learn job skills.
People don’t have to be treated as equals.
People don’t have chances to begin anew.
83. The more highly developed a society is, ____.
the more advanced technology will be
the larger the number of people will be
the more diminished old people’s status will be
the lower the overall status of the people will be
84. The high development of economic technology ____.
makes job skills out of fashion
lowers the demand for workers
forces old people into retirement
creates new jobs for older people
85. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Retired people could only live on fixed incomes.
Retired people are more skillful than young people.
Young people are educated in the new technology.
Young people are keeping pace with rapid changes.
86. According to this passage, the status of the aged is lowered by their ____.
A. forced retirement B. inferior housing
C. longer life span D. fixed incomes
87. The sentence “our life span outpaces our usefulness” means we can live longer ____.
A. and make progress B. and do more work
C. but move slowly D. but become useless
88. The author’s attitude toward the aged is ____.
A. realistic B. optimistic C. pessimistic D. sympathetic
89. It can be deduced from this passage that one should ____.
A. learn new skills B. be open-minded
C. have a good personality D. keep pace with the times
90. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. The Problem of Aging B. Social Structures
C. Economic Technology D. Continuing Education
Questions 91 — 100 are based on the following passage.
When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This is the first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep.
During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. As you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs — most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving. REM sleep is accompanied by extensive muscular inhibition.
91. On the part of an average sleeper, there ____ of sleep in cycles.
A. is one stage B. are two stages
C. are six stages D. are four stages
92. When a person falls into the state of sleep, his ____.
eyeballs will roll about a bit
mind will relax more and more
breathing will slow for minutes
temperature will increase slightly
93. The lower your stage of sleep, ____.
the faster your eyes will roll about
the quieter your breath will become
the slower your brain waves will be
the higher your temperature will be
94. After you have reached the deepest sleep, ____.
you will stay at the fourth stage the rest of the night
you will lose your consciousness for 40-60 minutes
your brain waves will show the delta rhythm
your brain waves will show the alpha rhythm
95. In the REM sleep, ____.
the delta rhythm will disappear
the activity pattern will appear
something will occur in front of you
your eyes will begin to dart around
96. You will fall into the fourth stage of sleep ____.
about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber
some 10 minutes after you fall into REM sleep
about 40 minutes after you lose consciousness
some 30 minutes after you brain waves slow
97. The first paragraph of this passage tells us about ____.
A. the rhythms of brain waves B. the daily activities of sleep
C. the stages of sleep in cycles D. the daily activities in cycles
98. In this passage, the word “paralyzed” means unable to ____.
A. move B. think C. work D. speak
99. The phrase “extensive muscular inhibition” means ____.
the body is incapable of movement
the muscles in the body are relaxed
voluntary muscles are capable of movement
the brain shows rapid burst of neural activity
100. The best title for this passage would be ____.
A. Brain Waves B. Sleep Cycles C. Daily Activities D. Body Activities
Section 3: Cloze Test (25 points)
In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Some consumer researchers distinguish ____ (1) “rational” motives and “emotional” (or “non-rational”) motives. They use the term “rationality” ____ (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes ____ (3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives ____ (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). ____ (5) a marketing context, the term “rationality” implies that the consumer selects goods based ____ (6) totally objective criteria, such ____ (7) size, weight, price, and so on. “Emotional” motives imply the selection of goods ____ (8) to personal or subjective criteria — the desire ____ (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.
The assumption underlying this distinction is ____ (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction, ____ (11), it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, ____ (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based ____ (13) the individual’s own needs as ____ (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear ____ (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational ____ (16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. ____ (17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it ____ (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. ____ (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.
Some researchers go so far ____ (20) to suggest that emphasis ____ (21) “needs” obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously ____ (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not ____ (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, ____ (24) what they perceive to be ____ (25) their own best interests.
参考答案
Section 1 共计25分
Part 1 共20题，每题0.5分，满分为10分
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. A
Part 2 共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分
21. D 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. BA 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35 .B
Part 3 共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分
36. A 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. D 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. D
Section 2 共50题，每题1分，满分为50分
51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. D 56. C 57. B 58. B 59. D 60. B 61. A 62. B 63. C 64. B 65. D 66. C 67. C 68. B 69. C 70. B 71. D 72. D 73. C 74. D 75. C 76. D 77. A 78. A 79. D 80. D 81. B 82. D 83. C 84. C 85. B 86. A 87. D 88. D 89. D 90. A 91. D 92. A 93. C 94. C 95. D 96. C 97. C 98. A 99. A 100. B
Section 3 共25题，每题1分，满分为25分
(1)between (2) in (3) that (4) and (5) in
(6) on/upon (7) as (8) according (9) for (10) that
(11) However (12) in (13) on/upon (14) well (15) as
(16) within (17) if (18) at (19) Therefore (20) as
(21) on (22) to (23) from (24) or (25) in
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