翻译资格考试高级（口译）历年试题解析十六
2002 年 9 月考题
TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws, the national debate over the future of human cloning has shifted to the states. Six states have already banned cloning in one form or another, and this year alone 38 anti-cloning measures were introduced in 22 states.
The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.
Since 1997, when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, the specter of cloned babies, infants that are in essence genetic carbon copies of adults, has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers.
Today, there is widespread argument that cloning for reproduction is unsafe and should be banned. Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases. The controversy pits religious conservatives and abortion opponents, who regard embryos as nascent human life, against patients’ groups, scientists and the biotechnology industry.
分析：
① After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws, the national debate over the future of human cloning has shifted to the states.
译文：经历了将近一年轰轰烈烈的 / 激烈的国会讨论 // 国会经历了将近一年轰轰烈烈的讨论，在没有新的联邦法律出台后，这场关于人类克隆命运的全国性大讨论 / 全民大讨论开始渗透 / 转移到各州。
考点：emotional: ⑴ causing emotions 引发强烈感情的 eg.
an emotional response → 情绪激动的 反应
emotional music →抒情的音乐
emotional language →动情的语言
⑵ having emotions that are easily excited 易激动的 eg.
an emotional man 多情善感的男子
an emotional actor →真情实感的演员
增词译法： but no new federal laws → 没有新的联邦法律出台
② Six states have already banned cloning in one form or another, and this year alone 38 anti-cloning measures were introduced in 22 states.
译文：六个州已经禁止了任何形式的克隆，仅今年一年， 22 个州就通过了 38 条禁止克隆的方案 / 措施 // 克隆禁令 。
考点： ban (同)： prohibit, proscribe, interdict, outlaw, disallow, exclude, bar, block, shut out
allow (同)： sanction, warrant, license, consent, empower, countenance
转性译法：形容词→名词 anti -cloning →克隆禁令
转态译法：主被交换： were introduced →通过了
③⑸ The resulting patchwork of laws, ⑴ people on all sides of the issue say, ⑹ complicates a nationwide picture ⑷ already clouded by ⑶ scientific and ethnical questions ⑵ over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.
译文：在克隆问题上各方人士 / 持各种立场的人认为，关于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科学及伦理问题，已经使全国性立法变得扑朔迷离。而如今各种法律东拼西凑 // 东拼西凑的法律，只会使全国性立法变得更复杂 / 使全国性立法形成步履维艰。
考点：换序译法
抽象译法： patchwork: (sing)thing made of various small pieces or parts
拼凑物;混杂物
picture: the completion of sth. 完整的东西(全国性法律)
转性译法：名词→形容词/动词 patchwork →东拼西凑
转态译法：主被交换： already clouded by →使…变得扑朔迷离
具体译法：成语法： cloud →使…变得扑朔迷离
complicate →使… 步履维艰
④ Since 1997, when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, the specter of cloned babies, infants (that are in essence genetic carbon copies of adults), has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers.
译文：当科学家 1997 年宣告首个克隆哺乳动物多利羊的诞生，克隆婴儿就在人们心中埋下了阴霾，因为它们其实 / 本质上就是成年人的基因复制物 / 翻版，这种阴霾一直笼罩在公众和立法者的心里。
考点：同位语的翻译：定语前置法
Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal → 首个克隆哺乳动物多利羊
specter: a haunting or disturbing image or prospect
幻影，幻象;缠绕心头或忧虑的景象或预感：
定语从句的翻译：融合法： 因果关系
⑤ Today, there is widespread argument (that cloning for reproduction is unsafe and should be banned).
译文：如今已经形成共识，即 / 认为用于繁殖的克隆技术是危险的 / 不安全的，应当禁止。
考点：widespread argument=consensus 共识
同位语从句的翻译：增加“即”
具体译法：加字法： cloning for reproduction → 用于繁殖的克隆技术
正反译法： unsafe→ 危险的(正译)
→不安全的(反译)
转态译法：省略被动词： should be banned →应当禁止
⑥ Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward ⑸ the morality of ⑷ cloning embryos ⑴ for their ⑶ cells and tissues, ( ⑵ which might be used to treat diseases).
译文：现在，争论已经从制造婴儿是否违背伦理，转到为提取用于治疗疾病的细胞和组织而克隆胚胎是否违背道德。
考点：换序译法
名词词组译为分句： the ethics of baby-making→ 制造婴儿是否违背伦理
the morality of cloning embryos→ 克隆胚胎是否违背道德
增词译法： for their cells and tissues→ 为提取细胞和组织
定语从句的翻译：前置法
转态译法：省略被动词： might be used→ 用于
⑦ The controversy pits religious conservatives and abortion opponents, (who regard embryos as nascent human life), against patients’ groups, scientists and the biotechnology industry.
译文：争议双方势不两立：一方是认为胚胎是新生命的宗教保守分子和堕胎反对者，另一方为患者群体、科学家和从事生物技术相关人员。
考点： pit…against…: to set in direct opposition or competition:
使对立：置于直接对立或竞争的位置：
eg. a war that pitted brother against brother
一场兄弟之间直接对立的战争
nascent (同)： incipient, budding, embryonic
增词译法： the biotechnology industry→ 从事 生物技术相关人员
