翻译资格考试高级（口译）历年试题解析十二
2001 年 9 月考题
TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
The most important fact in Washington’s failure on Thursday to be re-elected for the first time since 1947 to the U.N. Human Rights Commission is that it was American’s friends, not its enemies, that engineered the defeat. After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. –led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington; the shock came in the fact that the European and other Western nations that traditionally ensured U.S. re-election turned their backs on Washington.
Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism. They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty. They are also critical of what they see as Washington’s tendency to publicise the issue of human rights, using annual resolutions at the committee to denounce China or Cuba when that conforms to U.S. foreign policy objectives but for the same reason voting alone in defence of Israel when that country is in the dock over its conduct.
分析：
① The most important fact in ⑵ Washington’s failure ⑴ on Thursday to be re-elected ⑸ for the first time ⑷ since 1947 ⑶ to the U.N. Human Rights Commission is ⑹ that it was American’s friends, not its enemies, that engineered the defeat.
译文：本周四，美国政府未能在联合国人权委员会中连任 / 再次当选为联合国人权委员会成员，遭遇自 1947 年来的首次滑铁卢，其最重要的原因 / 其罪魁祸首在于美国的盟友而非宿敌。
考点：转性译法：名词 → 动词 failure →未能
转态译法：省略被动词 to be re-elected → 连任;再次当选
换序译法
具体译法：比喻法： failure →滑铁卢
成语法： the most important fact →罪魁祸首
engineer: arrange or cause sth, esp. by cunning or secret means 策划;图谋
eg. engineer a plot, scheme, revolt 策划一项阴谋诡计;策动叛乱
同义词： plan, devise, contrive, maneuver(manoeuvre), bring about, mastermind, orchestrate
同位语从句和强调句
② After all , China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.–led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington; the shock came in the fact that the European and other Western nations that traditionally ensured U.S. re-election turned their backs on Washington.
译文：毕竟中国、古巴等一些在人权委员会中受到以美国为首批评 / 抨击 / 斥责的国家，总是投票或游说反对美国政府，令人匪夷所思的是，那些一贯全力支持 / 确保美国连任的欧洲国家及其他西方国家，这次却对美国政府说了“不”。
考点： after all: ⑴ in spite of what has been said, done or expected 毕竟;终究
eg. So you have come after all. 你终究还是来了!
⑵ it should be remembered 那是应该记得的
eg. After all, he is still boy. 别忘了，他还只是个孩子。
lobby: lobby (sb) for/against sth: try to persuade (a politician, etc.) to support or oppose proposed legislation or an organization/government 游说
转性译法：名词→动词 criticism →批评
名词→形容词 shock →令人匪夷所思的
and 的翻译：这里可以不必译为“和”，可译为“等”，表明包含关系。
were always going to=would 表示一种特殊的行为
抽象译法： turn their back on →对……说不
③ Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.
译文：显然，许多美国的传统支持国家没有投票支持美国，以此对美国奉行单边主义表示不满。
考点：换序译法： clearly 置于句首翻译
正反译法： withdrew their votes →撤销选票支持(正译)
→没有投票支持(反译)
增词译法： signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism → 对美国奉行单边主义表示不满
unilateralism: a tendency of nations to conduct their foreign affairs individualistically, characterized by minimal consultation and involvement with other nations, even their allies.
单边主义：单独行使国外事务的国家倾向，特点是与其他国家最小限度的磋商和牵连，甚至是盟国。
单方面裁军
(反义词)： multilateralism →多边主义
④ ⑶ They have been increasingly chagrined by ⑵ Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ⑴ ranging from the use of land minesto the Kyoto climate change treaty.
译文：从地雷禁用条款到京都防止气候变暖条约等一些列问题，美国政府日益 / 总是对国际舆论置若罔闻。 // 美国政府日益对包括地雷禁用条款、京都防止气候变暖条约等一些列问题所形成的国际舆论置若罔闻，使得这些(倒戈)国家越来越失望 / 懊恼。
考点：转态译法：主被交换 be chagrined by →对……失望
转性译法：名词→副词 tendency →日益;总是
consensus: an opinion or position reached by a group as a whole or by majority will:
大多数意见：一个团体作为整体或服从多数所达成的共识或立场：舆论
range from… to… → include
eg. those developing countries from China to DPRK →包括中国和朝鲜在内的发展中国家
背景知识的积累： land mines, Kyoto climate change treaty
增词译法：增加背景知识： the use of land mines → 地雷禁用条款
the Kyoto climate change treaty → 京都防止气候变暖条约
Kyoto : 京都：日本本州中西部一城市，位于大阪东北偏北。建立于 8 世纪，长期以来一直是日本的文化、艺术和宗教中心。尽管幕府将军崛起以后( 1192 年)，京都在政治上的地位有所削弱，但从 794 年到 1869 年京都一直是日本的首都。
换序译法：
⑤ ⑴ They are also critical of what they see as Washington’s tendency to publicise the issue of human rights, ⑶ using annual resolutions at the committee to denounce China or Cuba ⑵ when that conforms to U.S. foreign policy objectives ⑷ but for the same reason ⑹ voting alone in defence ofIsrael ⑸ when that country is in the dock over its conduct.
译文：他们还提出批评，认为美国总在人权问题上大做文章，只要符合美国外交目标利益，就利用人权委员会年会(通过)决议谴责 / 公开指责中国或古巴，但出于同样理由，当以色列因其卑劣行径而哀鸿遍野 / 遭到众多国家非议时，美国却投票偏袒以色列。
考点：转性译法：形容词 →动词 critical →提出批评
名词→动词 defence →偏袒
publicise (美) =publicize (英) : to give publicity to → 使…为公众所注意
denounce (同)： condemn, decry, denunciate, deplore, arraign, attack, censure, revile, impugn, upbraid, rebuke, castigate, indict, reproach, upbraid
in defence of: 保卫;捍卫
抽象译法： in the dock → 在被告席上;处于被审判地位;受到非议;哀鸿遍野
换序译法
