2018年翻译考试英语笔译初级模拟题：时间观与空间观
汉译英
从整体上研究不同文化的人类学家已经察看到了时间观与空间观之间的联系。例如，正如我们所察看到的，美国人把没有活动的时间看作是“被浪费了的时间”，把没有物体的空间 看作是“被浪费了的空间”。霍皮人再一次提供了有趣的对比。在英语中，任何表示地点或者空间的词都可以单独使用，能呈现出各自的特征而无需任何参照。例如，在英语里，可以说： “这房间很大”或者“美国的北方冬天很寒冷”。我们无需表明“房间”或者“北方”与任何其他表空间或地点的词语有联系。但在霍皮语里，地点或者空间地域的词语本身不能在句子里单独 使用。霍皮人不能单独地使用“北方”这个词，他们得说“在北方”、“从北方”或者用另一种方 式给“北方”这个词加上一个方向性的后缀。同样地，霍皮语没有一个单词能够被翻译成“房 间”。霍皮语中的“房间”是词干，是意思为“房屋”，“房间”或“居室”词的一部分，但是不能单 独使用，必须加上后缀才使这个词表示“在房子里”或“从居室”。霍皮语中像“房间”、“居室”或“大厅”这些表示空洞空间的概念只有跟其他空间关联时才具有意义。霍皮人的这种空间感觉模式似乎与他们对时间的感觉模式相似。在西方文化中，各时段被认为是时间延续过程中 的独立片段，而在霍皮语中却要将各时段连结成连续统一体。
参考译文
Anthropologists studying various cultures as a whole have seen a connection in the way they view both time and space. For example, as we have seen, Americans look on time without activity as “wasted” and space without objects as “wasted.” Once again, the Hopi present an interesting contrast. In the English language, any noun for a location or a space may be used on its own and given its own characteristics without any reference being made to another location or space. For example, we can say in English: “The room is big” or “The north of the United States has cold winters.” We do not need to indicate that “room” or “north” has a relationship to any other word of space or location. But in Hopi, locations or regions of space cannot function by themselves in a sentence. The Hopi cannot say “north” by itself; they must say “in the north,” “from the north,” or in some other way use a directional suffix with the word north. In the same way, the Hopi language does not have a single word that can be translated as room. The Hopi word for room is a stem, a portion of a word, that means “house,” “room,” or “enclosed chamber,” but the stem cannot be used alone. It must be joined to a suffix that will make the word mean “in a house” or “from a chamber.” Hollow spaces like rooms, chambers, or halls in Hopi are concepts that are meaningful only in relation to other spaces. This pattern of spatial perception among the Hopi seems to be similar to their pattern of time perception, in which periods of time are not seen as separate pieces of duration, as they are in the Western cultures, but are integrated as pieces of a connected pattern.
