2018年翻译资格考试初级笔译模拟题：空间文化模式
英译汉
Another aspect of the cultural patterning of space concerns he functions of spaces. In middle-class America, specific spaces are designated for specific activities. Any intrusion of one activity into a space that it was not designed for is immediately felt as inappropriate. In contrast, in Japan, this is not true: walls are movable, and rooms are used for one purpose during the day and another purpose in the evening and at night. In India there is yet another culturally patterned use of space. The function of space in India, both in public and in private places, is connected with concepts of superiority and inferiority. In Indian cities, villages, and even within the home, certain spaces are designated as polluted, or inferior, because of the activities that take place there and the kinds of people who use such space. Spaces in India are segregated so that high caste and low caste, males and females, secular and sacred activities are kept apart. This pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstrated by the archaeological evidence uncovered in ancient Indian cities. It is a remarkably persistent pattern, even in modern India, where public transportation reserves a separate space for women. For example, Chandigarh is a modern Indian city designed by a French architect. The apartments were built according to European concepts, but the Indians living there found certain aspects inconsistent with their previous use of living space. Ruth Freed, an anthropologist who worked in India, found that Indian families living in Chandigarh modified their apartments by using curtains to separate the men’s and women’s spaces. The families also continued to eat in the kitchen, a traditional pattern, and the living/dining room was only used when Western guests were present. Traditional Indian village living takes place in an area surrounded by a wall. The courtyard gives privacy to each residence group. Chandigarh apartments, however, were built with large windows, reflecting the European value of light and sun, so many Chandigarh families pasted paper over the windows to recreate the privacy of the traditional courtyard. Freed suggests that these traditional Indian patterns may represent an adaptation to a densely populated environment.
参考译文
空间文化模式的另一个方面涉及到空间的各种功能。在美国的中产阶层，特定的空间是为特定的活动而设计的。任何活动，一旦跨越其特定空间，人们立刻就会觉得不合事宜。相 比之下，在日本就不是那么回事了。墙壁可以移动，房间使用的目的白天和晚上是不一样的。 在印度，又是另一种空间使用的文化模式。印度的公共和私人场所在功能上均有优劣的概念。 在印度的城市、乡村、甚至是家庭里，某些场所因为所从事的活动和使用这些场所的人的缘 故而被认定是肮脏或者卑劣的。印度的空间是给隔离开来的，以便社会等级高的和等级低的、 男的和女的、世俗的和神圣的活动都分隔开来进行。这种模式沿用了几千年，在印度古城挖 掘出来的考古证据就说明了这一点。即便在现代的印度，这种空间模式仍旧相当的清晰和顽 固，哪怕是在公交车上也要把妇女使用的空间隔离开来。例如，昌迪加尔是印度的一座由法 国建筑师设计的现代化城市。公寓大楼均按欧洲理念建造，但是住在那里的印度人却发现某 些方面与他们以前居住的空间模式不一致。在印度工作的人类学家鲁思•弗里德发现，居住在昌迪加尔城的许多印度家庭都改造了他们的公寓，用窗帘把男人和女人的空间隔离开来。只有自家人时，他们就仍然依照传统模式在厨房里吃饭, 而有西方客人光临时他们才启用客 厅或是饭厅。传统的印度乡村生活在一周围墙里边进行, 院子给每户人家提供了隐私的空间。 然而，昌迪加尔城的公寓大楼, 建有很多宽敞的窗户，从而折射出欧洲人对光线与阳光的重视。而许多昌迪加尔城的家庭却把窗户玻璃上糊满了纸张以便重建传统式院落的隐私空间。弗里德认为这些传统的印度模式也许反映出人们对人口密集型环境的一种适应。
