2018年翻译资格考试英语笔译初级模拟题：走路去学校
英译汉
Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of "To Kill a Mockingbird.""It was like being hit over the head and knocked cold," Lee ，who died at age 89, said during a 1964 interview."I didn't expect the book to sell in the first place. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of reviewers but at the same time I sort of hoped that maybe someone would like it enough to give me encouragement."To Kill a Mockingbird" may not be the Great American Novel. But it's likely the most universally known work of fiction by an American author over the past 70 years. Lee was cited for her subtle, graceful style and gift for explaining the world through a child's eye, but the secret to the novel's ongoing appeal was also in how many books this single book contained. "To Kill a Mockingbird" was a coming of age story; a courtroom thriller; a Southern novel; a period piece; a drama about class; and, of course, a drama of race."All I want to be is the Jane Austen of South Alabama," she once observed.
The story of Lee is essentially the story of her book, and how she responded to it. She wasn't a bragger, like Norman Mailer, or a misanthrope like J.D. Salinger or an eccentric or tormented genius. She was a celebrity who didn't live or behave like a celebrity. By the accounts of friends and Monroeville residents, she was a warm, vibrant and witty woman who played golf, fished, ate at McDonald's, fed ducks by tossing seed corn out of a Cool Whip tub, read voraciously and got about to plays and concerts. She just didn't want to talk about it before an audience."To Kill a Mockingbird" was an instant and ongoing hit, published in 1960, as the civil rights movement was accelerating. It's the story of a girl nicknamed Scout growing up in a Depression-era Southern town. A black man has been wrongly accused of raping a white woman, and Scout's father, the resolute lawyer , defends him despite threats and the scorn of many. Praised by The New Yorker as "skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious," the book won the Pulitzer Prize and was made into a memorable movie in 1962. "Mockingbird" inspired a generation of young lawyers and social workers, was assigned in high schools all over the country and was a popular choice for citywide, or nationwide, reading programs, although it was also occasionally removed from shelves for its racial content and references to rape. By 2015, sales topped 40 million copies. When the Library of Congress did a survey in 1991 on books that have affected people's lives, "To Kill a Mockingbird" was second only to the Bible.Lee herself became more elusive to the public as her book became more famous. At first, she dutifully promoted her work. She spoke frequently to the press, wrote about herself and gave speeches, once to a class of cadets at West Point. But she began declining interviews in the mid-1960s and, until late in her life, firmly avoided making any public comment about her novel or her career. Her novel, while hugely popular, was not ranked many scholars in the same category as the work of other Southern authors. Decades after its publication, little was written about it in scholarly journals. Some critics has called the book naive and sentimental, whether dismissing the Ku Klux Klan as a minor nuisance or advocating change through personal persuasion rather than collective action.
参考译文
意大利，莱科——每天早上，大约有450名学生沿着17条校车的路线到达科莫湖最南端湖滨城市的10所中小学。那里没有校车。
2003年，为了应对儿童肥胖、交通阻塞，以及至关重要的汽车尾气排放所导致的全球温室气体增长这三重威胁，当地环保组织提出一项回归基本的概念：儿童应当步行去学校。
他们设立了步行汽车(在意大利被称为步行公共汽车)——该公共汽车有驾驶员但是没有车辆。每天早上各色各样受雇的员工和父母志愿者穿着黄色的荧光马甲，带领着成队的步行学生沿着莱科的蜿蜒街道到达学校门口，穿着彩衣的吹笛人会在队伍散开的时候不时地停在这里和那里。
在卡尔杜齐学校，目前有100名儿童或一多半的学生都步行去学校。他们中有很多人先前都开车去学校。9岁的朱利奥·格雷皮，金色的头发蓬松着，他说在开始乘坐步行公共汽车之前，每条路都是坐车行驶大约1/3英里。他说：“对于用步行这样的方式与朋友会面，我们都觉得很特别，因为我们知道这样对环境非常有益。”
根据联邦政府的全国家庭旅行资料，1969年，美国40%的学生步行去学校;2001年，据收集的最近几年的数据显示，13%的学生步行去学校。莱科是意大利最先设立步行公共汽车的城市，但在欧洲的其他地方涌现了上百起，最近在北美也出现了同样的情况，这都是为了应对步行去学校的学生数量减少这一趋势。
法国、英国和意大利其他地方的城镇已经设立了这样的线路，虽然很少能像莱科的那样广阔和漫长。
达里奥·佩森蒂是镇上的一名环境稽核员，他估计，虽然每条线路长都不超过一英里，但是到目前为止，城镇的步行公共汽车已经替代了10万多英里的汽车路程，大体上防止了上千吨的温室气体进入大气。
欧美大陆的专家称，在美国和欧洲，开车去学校的儿童数量不断增长，这在交通量对温室气体排放的影响中占据了相当大的分量。一项全国性调查显示，去年，在英国城市居民的汽车行程中，学校行程占18%。
