2018年5月翻译资格考试三级笔译模拟题：风力发电
英译汉
If a heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes a country a climate ogre, then Denmark — with its thousands of wind turbines sprinkled on the coastlines and at sea — is living a happy fairy tale.
Viewed from the United States or Asia, Denmark is an environmental role model. The country is "what a global warming solution looks like," wrote Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council, in a letter to the group last autumn. About one-fifth of the country's electricity comes from wind, which wind experts say is the highest proportion of any country.
But a closer look shows that Denmark is a far cry from a clean-energy paradise. The building of wind turbines has virtually ground to a halt since subsidies were cut back. Meanwhile, compared with others in the European Union, Danes remain above-average emitters of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. For all its wind turbines, a large proportion of the rest of Denmark's power is generated by plants that burn imported coal. The Danish experience shows how difficult it can be for countries grown rich on fossil fuels to switch to renewable energy sources like wind power. Among the hurdles are fluctuating political priorities, the high cost of putting new turbines offshore, concern about public acceptance of large wind turbines and the volatility of the wind itself.
"Europe has really led the way," said Alex Klein, a senior analyst with Emerging Energy Research, a consulting firm with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Some parts of western Denmark derive 100 percent of their peak needs from wind if the breeze is up. Germany and Spain generate more power in absolute terms, but in those countries wind still accounts for a far smaller proportion of the electricity generated. The average for all 27 European Union countries is 3 percent.
But the Germans and the Spanish are catching up as Denmark slows down. Of the thousands of megawatts of wind power added last year around the world, only 8 megawatts were installed in Denmark.
If higher subsidies had been maintained, he said, Denmark could now be generating close to one-third — rather than one-fifth — of its electricity from windmills.
参考译文：
如果一个国家因严重依赖化石燃料而成为导致气候变化的恶魔的话，那么丹麦这个拥有数千个沿海和海上风力发电机组的国家算得上是生活在童话里的幸福国度了。
在美国和亚洲各国看来，丹麦是环保领域的典范。自然资源保护委员会主席弗朗西斯·贝尼克去年秋天致该委员会的信中说，丹麦“是应对全球变暖的样板”。丹麦风力发电量占全国发电总量的五分之一左右，风能专家称这一比例列世界之首。
不过，如果再仔细分析一下就会发现，丹麦也远非利用清洁能源的“天堂”。自丹麦削减风力发电补贴以来，风力发电机组建设实际上已经陷入停滞状态。同时，与欧盟其他成员国相比，丹麦的二氧化碳排放量要高于欧盟平均水平。尽管丹麦安装了众多风力发电机组，但是丹麦很大程度上仍然依靠火电站发电，而且电煤也需要进口。
一个国家依靠化石燃料发展起来后，再想转型依靠风能等可再生能源绝非易事，丹麦即是一例。风力发电遇到诸多阻碍，包括政府的政策重点不断调整，海上修建新风力发电厂成本较高，公众能否接受大型风力发电机组建设存疑，风力自身也具有不稳定性。咨询公司美国新能源研究中心在马萨诸塞州剑桥设有多个办事处，该公司的高级分析师阿历克斯·克莱恩说，“(在清洁能源发展方面)欧洲确实引领世界”。
如果风力理想的话，丹麦西部一些地区用电高峰期的所有电力供应都来自风力发电。就风力绝对发电量而言，德国和西班牙都超过了丹麦，但是风力发电在这两国发电总量中所占的比重要比丹麦小得多。欧盟 27 国中风力发电所占比重平均为 3%。
不过，由于丹麦现在放慢了风力发电的发展步伐，德、西两国现正迎头赶上。去年全球共新增风力发电装机容量数千兆瓦，丹麦仅为 8 兆瓦。
克莱恩说，如果丹麦当初没有削减补贴的话，风力发电所占比重应该早就从现在的五分之一上升到近三分之一了。
