2017年catti英语笔译初级模拟题:端午节
【汉译英】
端午节
公元前278年,也就是屈原六十二岁那年,他在汩罗江边,听到秦国军队攻破了楚国的国都,6便怀着悲痛的心情,抱了一块石头,投汩罗江自杀了。7那天正好是农历五月五日。8楚国人民非常热爱屈原。9汩罗江附近的老百姓听到屈原自杀的消息,都纷纷赶来,划着渔船,拿着竹竿,四处打捞屈原的遗体,结果什么也没有打捞到。10大家非常失望,又十分怀念屈原。11他们担心屈原的遗体被江里的鱼虾吃掉,就划着船,把包好的粽子扔到江里去给鱼虾吃。他以后,每到农历五月五日这一天,中国人家家户户都包粽子,吃粽子,表示对伟大诗人屈原的纪念。13这就是中国人民的传统节日“端午节”。14
【参考译文】
The Double Fifth Festival
In the year of 278 B. C., when he was 62 and staying at the side of the Miluo River, Qu Yuan heard that Qin troops had finally conquered Chu's capital. Overwhelmed with grief and despair, he drowned himself in the river, with a large stone in his arms. That day happened to be the fifth day of the fifth month in the Chinese lunar calendar.
The people of Chu had a great esteem and love for Qu Yuan. On hearing the news of his suicide, people who lived nearby came hurriedly in boats and attempted to retrieve his body with long bamboo poles but, to their distress, without avail. Filled with a deep sense of loss and worried that his body might be eaten up by fish and shrimps, they threw into the water pyramid- shaped glutinous dumplings wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves to divert them. Since then, on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year, each household in China would make and eat rice dumplings to commemorate the great poet Qu Yuan. This is the traditional Chinese festival known as the Double Fifth Festival.
注释
6.这里“在汩罗江边……”不能简单地理解为“他在汩罗江边听到”楚国的国都沦陷的消息。事实上,屈原当时被楚怀王流放,生活在那里,所以应译为staying/living in exile at the side of the Miluo River。另外,汉语中从句在前,主句在后,专有名词“屈原”先出现,代词“他”后出现,但是在英语中通常(专有)名词放在主句里,代词放在从句里,所以参考译文中作了相应的调整。
7.原文中的第一句句子到这里才结束,译成英语时应根据段落的语义结构,作恰当的切分。
这里可在“国都”后断句,前一句表达屈原听到了这个坏消息,后一句表达他自杀的事件,与本段的后一句自然地衔接。其次,后一句中原文看上去有四个动词,即“怀着”、“抱”、“投(江)”和“自杀”。实际上,“怀着”和“抱”仅仅表示伴随的状况,而“投(江)”和“自杀”绝不能分解为两个动作(即先跳入江中然后再自杀),而应理解为一个动作。有人把本句译为:He was so sad that he held a large stone in his arms,jumped into the river and killed himself,这样英语读者就可能理解为:屈原先跳入江中,然后用石头砸死了自己。参考译文把本句简明地译为:Overwhelmed with grief,he drowned himself in the river with a large stone in his arms。其中的非谓语动词overwhelmed和介词短语with a large stone in his arms,值得仔细体会。
8.这里“正好”二字应译为happened to be,因为“农历五月五日”隐含着“端午”之意。
9.学者看到“非常热爱”二字,往往很自然地会译为“动词+副词”结构love... very much。在比较正式的文体中,常常需要把汉语中的动词转化为名词,如本句可译为had a profound love for...。参考译文加了esteem -词,更为正式。
10.本句“听到屈原自杀消息”,重复了前句中的名词“屈原”。英语中用代词或其他手段替代刚刚提到过的名词。本句最好译成on hearing the news of his suicide,意为这些老百姓一听到消息就赶来了。如用when或after引导的从句,都与原意不符。其次,对本句中一连串的动词分析一下,便可清楚,本句的语义重点是“打捞”,所以这个词组应译为谓语动词,其他动词词组则可译为动词的非谓语形式或介词短语。另外,“什么也没打捞到”在英语中不宜重复动词,或译为but failed或but of no avail。
11.本句中没有实质性的“情节”,在英语中通常不宜单独成句,而根据上下文,把它与上句或下句合并。参考译文中把它译为filled with a sense of loss并与下句合并,不失为一种好办法。
12.这里“给鱼虾吃”不能简单地译为to feed the fish and shrimps,因为feed这个词意味着他们在饲养鱼虾。本句应理解为“把鱼虾引开”,所以可译为to divert the fish and shrimps。
13.“表示对某人的纪念”可译为to commemorate sb.或in memory of sb。
14.现有的汉英词典都把“端午节”译为the Dragon Boat Festival,这种译法在很多情况下是不可取的。如本文的下面还有“端午节还有赛龙舟的习俗……所以端午节又叫龙舟节”。因此,这种译法有时候是行不通的。事实上,“端午”即“重五”,亦即“农历五月五日”之意,所以应参考“重阳节”的译法( the Double Ninth Festival).把“端午节”直译为the Double Fifth Festival。
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