2017年catti三级笔译模拟题：外交政策
【汉译英】
中国独立自主的和平外交政策1
中国坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，这一政策的基本目标是维护中国的独立、主权和领土完整，为中国的改革开放和现代化建设创造一个良好的国际环境，维护世界和平，促进共同发展。其主要内容包括：
1.中国始终奉行独立自主的原则。对于一切国际事务，都从中国人民和世界人民的根本利益出发，根据事情本身的是非曲直，决定自己的立场和政策，不屈从于任何外来压力。2中国不同任何大国或国家集团结盟，不搞军事集团，不参加军备竞赛，不进行军事扩张。3
2.中国反对霸权主义，维护世界和平。中国认为，国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，都是国际社会的平等一员。4国与国之间应通过协商和平解决彼此的纠纷和争端，不应诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，不能以任何借口干涉他国内政。5中国从不把自己的社会制度和意识形态强加于人，也决不允许别国把他们的社会制度和意识形态强加于我们。
3.中国积极推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序。中国认为，新秩序应该体现历史发展和时代进步的要求，应该反映世界各国人民的普遍愿望和共同利益。和平共处五项原则和其他公认的国际关系准则应该成为建立国际政治经济新秩序的基础。
4.中国愿意在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则的基础上，同所有国家建立和发展友好合作关系。6积极发展同周边国家的睦邻友好关系，是中国外交政策的重要组成部分。7中国同绝大多数邻国解决了历史遗留问题，与周边国家的互利合作蓬勃发展。
加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作是中国外交政策的基本立足点。中国与广大发展中国家有着共同的历史遭遇，又面临着维护国家独立、实现经济发展的共同目标，合作基础深厚，前景广阔。8
中国重视改善和发展同发达国家的关系，主张国与国之间应超越社会制度和意识形态的差异，相互尊重，求同存异，扩大互利合作。对彼此之间的分歧，应在平等与相互尊重的基础上坚持进行对话，不搞对抗，妥善加以解决。
5.中国实行全方位的对外开放政策，愿在平等互利原则的基础上，同世界各国和地区广泛开展贸易往来、经济技术合作和科学文化交流，促进共同繁荣。截至2001年，中国批准外商投资企业39万家，合同外资金额7459亿美元，实际利用外资金额3955亿美元。
2001年，中国进出口贸易总额达5098亿美元，居世界第6位。
经过15年的谈判.中国终于在2001年12月11日加人世界贸易组织。除享受相关权利外，中国已开始切实履行WTO体制，促进世界的繁荣与进步发挥积极作用。
世界经济是一个相互联系、相互依存的整体。经济全球化给各国经济发展带来了机遇，也带来了巨大的风险。维护金融稳定、防范金融危机、确保经济安全是各国政府面临的共同挑战。9
6.中国积极参与多边外交活动，是维护世界和平和地区稳定的坚定力量。
中国是安理会的常任理事国，积极参与政治解决地区热点问题。中国派出了维和人员参与联合国的维和行动。中国支持联合国的改革，支持联合国等多边机构在国际事务中继续发挥重要作用。中国坚决反对一切形式的恐怖主义，为国际反恐合作做出重要贡献。10
中国积极致力于推进国际军控、裁军与防扩散事业。迄今为止，中国已加入了所有国际军控与防扩散条约。在防扩散方面，中国一贯严格履行所承担的国际义务，积极致力于中国防扩散机制的法制化建设，已建立起一个相当完备的防扩散出口控制体系。
中国政府一向重视人权并为此做出了不懈的努力。中国已加入了包括《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》在内的18项人权公约，并已签署了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》。
中国愿与国际社会一道，加强合作，共同对付人类发展面临的环境恶化、资源匮乏、贫困失业、人口膨胀、疾病流行、毒品泛滥、国际犯罪活动猖獗等全球性问题。
词汇
1.独立自主的和平外交政策independent foreign policy of peace
2.结盟form an alliance with
3.军备竞赛arms race
4.霸权主义hegemonism
5.内政internal affairs
6.意识形态ideology
7.和平共处peaceful coexistence
8.历史遗留问题problems left over by history
9.全方位all dimensional
10.安理会Security Council of the United Nations
11.(安理会)常任理事国permanent member ( of the Security Council of the United Nations)
12.军控arms control
13.裁军disarmament
14.防扩散non-proliferation
注释
1.本文属外交文书，涉及国家的政治立场、观点和态度。翻译时要求概念准确，措辞严谨，层次分明。对于国际上通用的外交术语，必须按照既定的译法来翻译。一些常用的政治术语还需按照统一的译法来译。外交文体对语义轻重、褒贬都十分讲究，不可擅自改译。
2.本句中主干结构为“(中国)决定自己的立场和政策”，属主要信息，可译为主句;其余部分为次要信息，可做分词短语、介词短语来处理。
3.本句是典型的汉语句，重复的否定副词和句式结构用以表达强调的意义。翻译时，可首先分清否定并列层次，按照英语表达习惯，借助否定副词nor来承接上句中表达的否定意义。
4.本句中“国家不分大小、强弱、贫富”表达的是选择性并列关系，可以译作all countries.big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor.
5.本句含有两层意义，属并列关系，翻译时可以根据其意义逻辑关系，译作两句，后一句是对前一句否定的承接，因而使用英语中的否定副词nor来传递其交际信息功能。
6.本句中的“和平共处共处五项原则”是由五个动宾词组表示的，在翻译成英语时须进行词类转换，译作五个名词词组，即mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity，mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit，and peaceful coexistence.这个译文是我国统一的约定俗成的译法，不得有任何缩减、添加或改动。
7.本句的译法可以借助英语句型It is+n.+to do something，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
8.本句中前三个和后两个分句之间隐含着因果关系，翻译时须根据英语的行文习惯添加必要的关联词therefore。同时，句中“有着共同的历史遭遇，又面临着维护国家独立、实现经济发展的共同目标”属并列关系，故用and连接。汉语中意合句多，不强调形式上的完整，只要不妨碍意义的表达，即可省去形式上的东西;英语形合句多，注重把各种逻辑关系用相应的语言形式表达出来，所以在汉译英时往往需要增补必要的关联词。
9.本句中“维护金融稳定、防范金融危机、确保经济安全”为三个动宾词组的并列，译成英语时，可根据它们的习惯搭配，译作preserve financial stability，prevent financial crisis and ensure economic security，是英语的平行结构(parallelism)。
10.本文是外交文书，属正式文体，为了加强语气，同时为了避免产生歧义或误解，本段中重复词语也应在译文中重复使用，而不宜省略或代替。例如：“拉丁美洲各囤人民在支持你们，亚洲人民在支持你们，非洲人民在支持你们，世界各国人民在支持你们。”You enjoy the support of all the other people of Latin America, the support of all the people of Asia, the support of all the people of Africa, and the support of the people of the whole world.本句中前后两部分属并列关系，故用and连接，第一部分的主干是“中国加入了18项公约”，其余部分为附带的细节成分，可以使用介词including来连接。
参考译文
China's Independent Foreign Policy of Peace
China unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. The fundamental goals of this policy are to safeguard China's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, create a favorable international environment for China's reform and opening up and modernization construction, maintain world peace and propel common development. The main content of this policy includes:
1.China has all along adhered to the principle of independence. With regard to all international affairs, China will, proceeding from the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of the world, determine its stand and policy in the light of the merits and demerits of the matter, without yielding to any outside pressure. China does not form an alliance with any big power or group of big powers. Nor does China establish military blocs with other countries, or engage in arms race and military expansion.
2.China opposes hegemonism and safeguard world peace. China believes that all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community.
Countries should resolve their disputes and conflicts peacefully through consultations and not resort to the use or threat of force. Nor should they interfere in others' internal affairs under any pretext.
China never imposes its social system and ideology on others, nor allows other countries to impose theirs on it.
3.China actively facilitates the establishment of a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational. China holds that the new order should give expression to the demands of the development of history and progress of the times and reflect the universal aspirations and common interests of the peoples of all countries. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the universally recognized norms governing international relations should serve as the basis for setting up the new international political and economic order.
4.China is ready to establish and develop friendly relations of cooperation with all countries on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression, non- interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
It is an important component of China's foreign policy to actively develop good-neighborly relations and friendship with surrounding countries. China has resolved problems left over by history with the overwhelming majority of neighboring countries, and has witnessed a vigorous development of mutually beneficial cooperation with its neighbors.
It is the fundamental standing point of China's foreign policy to strengthen its solidarity and cooperation with developing countries. China and these countries share common historic experiences and are faced with common tasks of safeguarding national independence and achieving economic development. Therefore, their cooperation has a solid foundation and a broad prospect.
China sets store by improving and developing its relations with developed countries. It advocates that countries should surmount their differences in social system and ideology, respect one another, seek common ground and shelve differences and enhance their mutually beneficial cooperation. Their disputes should be appropriately solved through dialogue on the basis of equality and mutual respect, instead of confrontation.
5.China pursues a policy of all-dimensional opening up to the outside. It is ready to develop, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, extensive trade relations, economic and technological cooperation and scientific and cultural exchanges with countries and regions of the world so as to promote common prosperity. By the end of 2001, China had approved 390,000 0verseas-funded enterprises with 745.9 billion dollars of contractual capital and 395.5 billion dollars of used capital. In 2001, China's import and export volume amounted to 509.8 billion dollars, ranking sixth in the world.
After 15 years' talks, China finally acceded to the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001.While enjoying relevant rights, China has begun earnestly honoring its obligations within the framework of the WTO and its commitments, and promoting prosperity and progress in the world.
The world economy is an inter-connected and inter-dependent whole. Economic globalization has brought both opportunities and big risks for the economies of various countries. It is a common challenge confronting the governments of all the countries to preserve financial stability, prevent financial crisis and ensure economic security.
6.China takes an active part in multilateral diplomatic activities and is a staunch force in preserving world peace and regional stability.
As a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations, China actively participates in the political solution of the problems of regional hot spots. China's peace-keepers have joined United Nations peace-keeping operations. China supports the reform of the United Nations and a continued important role of the United Nations and other multilateral organs in international affairs. China is firmly opposed to all forms of terrorism and has made important contributions to international anti-terrorism cooperation.
China devotes itself actively to pushing forward the cause of international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. To date, China has joined all treaties related to international arms control and non-proliferation. With regard to non-proliferation, China has all along scrupulously abided by its international obligations and, thanks to its active efforts in enacting laws on non-proliferation, set up a relatively perfect export control system for non-proliferation.
The Chinese government has attached importance to human rights and made unremitting efforts in this regard. China has joined 18 human rights conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
China remains ready, together with the international community, to enhance cooperation to address global problems facing mankind including worsening environment, resources scarcity, poverty and unemployment, population explosion, diseases and narcotics spreading, and rampant transnational crimes.
