2017年翻译考试初级笔译模拟题：中国会接受生态旅游吗
【英译汉】
Can China Embrace Ecotourism?
The village of Yushi is in the autonomous township of Lanping, in the southwestern Chinese province of Yunnan. The villagers all belong to the Pumi ethnic group, although many locals simply refer to them as "natives".
Yushi people are proud of their cultural traditions, and emphasize the protection of the local environment, over 90% of which is covered by forest. The residents know that if they were connected to the road network, their forests could be felled and their fragile culture could be threatened under the strain of powerful external influences. For many years they have chosen to remain isolated, hoping to build a strong and healthy community before opening to the outside world.
Government support is vital in building a strong community, but Yushi has seen no official projects or poverty alleviation work. Some of the villagers tried to set up sustainable development programs, but to no effect. Currently, the best hope is the rural credit cooperative's micro-credit scheme. However, if the villagers apply for a loan of 2000 yuan (US $253), 400 yuan(US $ 51) in interest is deducted in advance and they receive only 1600 yuan ( US $202). To repay the loan they then need to make twelve monthly payments of 180 yuan (US $ 23) . Villagers regard the loans as of little use in starting their own businesses.
Some in the village advocate a combination of planting profitable medicinal crops and long-term micro-credit loans as the solution to the village's financial problems, and calculate that raising funds of 400, 000 yuan ( US $ 50, 602 ) would allow the village to become economically self-sustaining in five years. But there could be an alternative: ecotourism.
However, the village does not yet have the facilities that tourists expect, such as clean toilets, washing facilities or internet access. Tourism experts have visited and were impressed by the unique local culture and environment. But if Yushi wants to benefit from ecotourism, then the village and its households must change to meet the demanding standards of today's tourists.
Tourism is a kind of technology that adds value to raw materials. Take a regular chicken, cook it in the local style and put it in front of a hungry tourist — and watch its value rocket. Similarly, Yushi's mountains, which were previously seen as barriers to transport and thus economic development, would become priceless if the villagers could attract the ecotourists.
Many places in Yunnan are looking for ways to protect the environment and traditional culture while also raising income - and that almost always means eco-tourism is the only option. But if conditions in the villages are not improved, many tourists will simply not come, since most city-dwelling Chinese attitudes to rural living border on outright fear. A lack of cleanliness and orderliness, mosquitoes, dubious toilets and unclear pricing mean that many areas ideal for eco-tourism cannot attract visitors.
Yunnan's first officially-recognized organic farm lies on the outskirts of the provincial capital Kunming. It has been making a loss for years, since consumers fail to differentiate its products from those of farms which use chemicals and genetically-modified plants. Similarly, tourists rarely consider the quality of their destinations; they simply look for ease of access and impressive scenery. For many, tourism is simply sightseeing - it's not about improving your life in any meaningful way.
The vast majority of Chinese people are not interested in watching nature, much less in paying for the privilege of doing so. Some are forced to in the course of government-funded research, but when the funding dries up very few continue. Enjoyment of the untamed environment is not something that comes naturally to Chinese people. We prefer to look at paintings of nature, rather than nature itself; to appreciate a wooden carving of the Buddha rather than the forest the wood grew in; and to let our children be educated about the wild in the classroom, rather than take them to experience it first-hand.
This attitude among tourists is responsible for the unusually slow growth of China's eco-tourism sector. Faced with consumers unwilling to get too close to nature, the tourist industry ignores areas like Yushi. Since only a tiny minority of Chinese people is willing to appreciate the beauty of Yushi, people often turn to high-spending foreign tourists - but this is also a hope too far. Discerning foreign tourists are also on the decline, while the number of tourists who travel simply to indulge themselves is increasing. Travelers who go abroad to learn and share experiences are being replaced by narrow-minded tourists who are only interested in consumption. Tourists are choosing the holiday that involves the least effort, and China's ecotourism sector is suffering as a result. Sichuan's Wanglang Nature Reserve is a haven for giant pandas. Since1996, Peking University professor and panda expert, Lu Zhi, has been promoting ecotourism to the area. But the lack of dramatic scenery and the need to spend time outdoors in order to see the pandas mean that Wanglang still lacks the number of visitors it deserves. The same could be the case in Yunnan. So when we complain about ecotourism operators failing to attract visitors, perhaps we should take some time to consider the visitors themselves - because if a tourist is unwilling to become an ecotourist, then any amount of careful planning and good intentions will be wasted.
【参考译文】
中国会接受生态旅游吗?
玉石村位于中国西南云南省蓝坪自治乡内。这里的村民都是普米族，尽管许多当地人简称自己是“土著人”。
玉石人对自己的文化传统引以为豪，他们重视对当地环境的保护。这里百分之九十以上的面积为森林覆盖，当地居民深知如果他们与公路网联通，他们的森林就可能遭到砍伐，而他们脆弱的文化就可能会在强大的外界影响下受到威胁3。多年来，他们选择与世隔绝，希望建立起强大、健康的社区后再对外开放。
政府的支持对于建立强大的社区是至关重要的，然而玉石村一直没有政府工程和扶贫工作。一些村民曾试图建立一些可持续发展项目。，但都失败了。目前，最大的希望是农村信用合作社7的小额贷款项目。然而，农民们申请2000元(US $253)人民币的贷款，得提前扣除400元(US$ 51)的利息，而他们得到的只有1600元(US $202)。为了偿还贷款，他们就得每月付180元(US$ 23)，付12个月。村民们认为贷款对他们的创业于事无补。
一些村民认为种植收益可观的药草和长期小额贷款相结合是解决经济困难的途径。他们盘算着筹措40万元(US $50，602)资金将使村子在五年后在经济方面自给自足。但是或许还有另一条出路，即：生态旅游。
然而，村子并不具备游客期望的设施条件，如干净的盥洗室、洗衣设备与互联网。旅游专家曾考察过这里，对当地独特的文化和环境留下了深刻的印象。但是，如果玉石村想从生态旅游中获益，那么村子和村民们必须做出改变，来满足当今游客苛刻的标准。
旅游是一种可以增加原料附加值的科技，取一只普通的鸡，用当地的方法烹制，摆在饥饿的游客面前，就会看到其价值大幅上升。同样，玉石绵延的山脉，先前曾是运输和经济发展的障碍，如果村民们能够吸引来游客，就会价值连城。
在云南，有许多地方都在增加收入的同时，寻求保护环境和传统文化的途径，而这几乎总是意味着生态旅游是唯一的选择。但如果村子的条件得不到改善，许多游客就不会来，因为多数中国城市居民对乡村生活近乎恐惧。肮脏杂乱、蚊子肆虐、简陋的厕所以及不明的价格意味着许多理想的生态旅游区域无法吸引游客。
云南首家官方认可的有机农场"位于首府昆明远郊。几年来，农场一直处于亏损状态，因为消费者无法把他们的产品和那些使用化肥和栽培转基因作物农场的产品区分开来。同样，游客很少考虑他们目的地的质量，他们只想要交通便利、风景美丽的地方。对于许多人来说，旅游不过是观光而已，它并不能大幅度改善生活质量。
绝大多数中国人对观赏自然不感兴趣，更不要说花钱来观赏自然。有些人是迫于参加政府资助的研究，但当项目经费用完，很少人还会继续下去。享受未经开发的环境，对中国人来说并不是天经地义的事。我们喜欢看有关自然的画，而不是大自然本身，喜欢一尊木雕佛像，而不是走进树木生长的森林;让我们的孩子呆在教室里接受有关荒野的教育，而不是带他们去亲身体验自然。
游客的这种态度是中国生态旅游业发展异常缓慢的原因。消费者不愿过于接近自然，所以旅游业忽视了像玉石村这样的地区。由于很少中国人愿意欣赏玉石村的美，人们通常寄希望于出手阔绰的外国游客，但是这一希望也很渺茫。有鉴赏能力的外国游客人数也在下降，而只想放纵一下自己的游客却在增加。到国外学习、分享经历的游客正在被那些纵情消费、心胸狭窄的游客所取代。
游客青睐轻轻松松的假日，中国的生态旅游因此遭受重创。四川王朗自然保护区是大熊猫的庇护所。自1996年以来，北京大学教授、熊猫专家吕植一直在推动该地区的生态旅游。但是由于缺少吸引眼球的景色，要看到大熊猫必须呆在户外，使得王朗没能得到应有的游客。26云南大概也是同样的情况。
因此，在抱怨生态旅游运营者没能吸引游客的时候，我们也许应该花点时间想想游客本身，因为如果游客不愿成为生态旅游者，那么再多的精心筹划和良好意愿都是徒劳的。
