全国2007年1月高等教育自学考试内科护理学（一）试题

全国2007年1月高等教育自学考试内科护理学（一）试题
课程代码：02998
一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.咯铁锈色痰提示患有(      )
A.肺癌                                                       B．支气管扩张
C.肺结核                                                     D．肺炎球菌肺炎
2.生长快，转移早，恶性度高，对化疗敏感的肺癌是(      )
A.鳞状上皮细胞癌                                       B.小细胞未分化癌
C.大细胞未分化癌                                       D.腺癌
3.导致肺动脉高压形成的最重要因素是(      )
A.肺血管床减少                                          B.缺氧性肺血管收缩
C.血液粘稠度增加                                       D.血容量增多
4.服用后能使体液及分泌物呈桔黄色、隐形眼镜变色的抗结核药物是(      )
A.利福平                                                     B.链霉素
C.乙胺丁醇                                                 D.异烟肼
5.训练腹式呼吸时，不正确的方法是(      )
A.用鼻吸气，用口呼气                                B.吸气时腹部鼓起
C.呼气时腹壁下陷                                       D.吸与呼之比为2∶1或3∶1
6.预防哮喘发作可使用(      )
A.沙丁胺醇                                                 B.舒弗美
C.色甘酸二钠                                              D.地塞米松
7.慢性呼吸衰竭时，纠正呼吸性酸中毒的主要措施是(      )
A.静脉滴注碱性药物                                   B.增加通气量
C.提高吸入氧浓度                                       D.使用激素
8.最常见的诱发心力衰竭的因素是(      )
A.呼吸道感染                                              B.快速心律失常
C.情绪激动                                                 D.输液过快
9.不属于室上性阵发性心动过速特点的是(      )
A.P波不易分辨                                           B.QRS波群形态正常
C.频率150~250次／分                                D.节律不齐
10.能引起左房和右心室增大，最终导致右心衰竭的心脏瓣膜病是(      )
A.二尖瓣狭窄                                              B.二尖瓣关闭不全
C.主动脉瓣狭窄                                          D.主动脉瓣关闭不全
11.典型心绞痛的疼痛性质是(      )
A.针扎样刺痛                                              B.压榨样闷痛
C.刀割样绞痛                                              D.尖锐样灼痛
12.溃疡病人餐后上腹部饱胀，频繁呕吐宿食，2周内体重下降5kg，血钾2.7mmol／L，提示该病人合并有(      )
A.溃疡癌变                                                 B.穿孔
C.幽门梗阻                                                 D.出血
13.治疗溃疡性结肠炎的首选药物是(      )
A.柳氮磺胺吡啶                                          B.地塞米松
C.利福平                                                     D.先锋霉素
14.属于慢性胃体炎的临床表现是(      )
A.幽门螺杆菌感染引起                                B.胃酸正常
C.胃泌素分泌正常                                       D.恶性贫血
15.早期诊断肝癌的主要方法是(      )
A.酶学检查                                                 B.CT检查
C.甲胎蛋白的检测                                       D.放射性核素扫描
16.肝性脑病病人出现便秘时，忌用(      )
A.生理盐水灌肠                                          B.肥皂水灌肠
c.稀醋酸灌肠                                              D.清水灌肠
17.肝硬化病人最常见的并发症是(      )
A.上消化道出血                                          B.感染
C.肝性脑病                                                 D.低钾血症
18.几乎所有急性肾小球肾炎患者都出现的临床症状是(      )
A.水肿                                                        B.少量
C.血尿                                                        D.高血压
19.指导肾病综合征患者进食时，不适宜的指导是(      )
A.蛋白质不必限制                                       B.低盐<3g／d
C.热量126~147kJ／kg                                 D.严重水肿时限水
20.肾盂肾炎最常见的感染途径是(      )
A.血行感染                                                 B.淋巴管感染
C.直接感染                                                 D.上行感染
21.不属于血液透析的指征是(      )
A.pH7.29                                                     B.血肌酐481μmol／L
C.血钾5.1mmol／L                                     D.血BUN  23mmol／L
22.引起慢性肾功能衰竭贫血的主要原因是(      )
A.红细胞生成素产生减少                            B.骨髓造血受抑制
C.红细胞寿命缩短                                       D.铁、叶酸缺乏
23.导致2型糖尿病人死亡的最主要原因是(      )
A.冠心病                                                     B.糖尿病肾病
C.坏疽                                                        D.感染
24.甲亢患者甲状腺肿大的特征性表现为(      )
A.弥漫性对称性肿大                                   B.质硬，表面有结节
C.固定，不活动                                          D.触及震颤和听到血管杂音
25.治疗系统性红斑狼疮病人时，为控制皮疹、光敏感主张采用(      )
A.非甾体抗炎药                                          B.肾上腺糖皮质激素
C.抗疟药                                                     D.免疫抑制剂
26.类风湿关节炎最常出现关节疼痛的部位是(      )
A.腕掌指关节                                              B.足趾关节
C.膝关节                                                     D.肘关节
27.一环卫工人在夏日的下午清扫马路，出现头痛、呕吐、烦躁不安等症状，体温37℃，此工人中暑类型为(      )
A.热衰竭                                                     B.热痉挛
C.日射病                                                     D.热射病
28.一氧化碳的中毒机制是(      )
A.窒息性缺氧                                              B.抑制酶的活性
C.局部的腐蚀作用                                       D.麻醉作用
29.感染后能产生持久免疫力的传染病是(      )
A.乙型肝炎                                                 B.艾滋病
C.霍乱                                                        D.伤寒
30.艾滋病的最主要传播途径是(      )
A.经血液制品传播                                       B.密切接触传播
C.性接触传播                                              D.母婴传播