托福阅读备考方法之标题阅读法技巧

托福阅读备考方法之标题阅读法技巧

　　常常会有学生提问：老师，怎么样提高自己的阅读能力?这个问题我理解为：怎么样可以有操作性的，并且较短时间内提升阅读能力。因为大家在阅读的时候，不知道怎么开始，怎么操作，最常见的方法就是碰到不认识单词，查找出来，然后就没有了，大量实践证明，这种方法不可行啊。”

　　那么，可以尝试一下：标题阅读法。

　　简单来说，就是带着题目的重点去文章里找对应的内容。

　　这种方法，可以让读者明白作者的写作目的，可以突破文章小结题。

　　一起来看一下：TPO18-1 Industrializationin the Netherlands and Scandinavia

　　看到这个题目就要想到：

　　1. Netherlands and Scandinavia 是什么?

　　2.为什么要讲industrialization ?

　　带着问题来看文章：

　　While some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. In view oftheir later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they werenot among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success.

　　读完第一段，第1个问题就解决了：Netherlands and Scandinavia是指荷兰以及丹麦、挪威、瑞典这些国家。第2个问题也有解决：这些地区的工业化发展晚却成功一定有什么原因。(预判：下面的段落就开始就原因展开了)

　　All had small populations. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Denmark and Norway had fewer than 1million people, while Sweden and the Netherlands had fewer than 2.5 millionin habitants. All exhibited moderate growth rates in the course of the century (Denmark the highest and Sweden the lowest), but all more than doubled in population by 1900. Density varied greatly. The Netherlands had one of the highest population densities in Europe, whereas Norway and Sweden had the lowest Denmark was in between but closer to the Netherlands.

　　第一个原因：人少

　　Considering human capital as a characteristic of the population, however, all four countries were advantaged by the large percentages of their populations who could read and write. In both 1850 and 1914, the Scandinavian countries had the highest literacy rates in Europe, or in the world, and the Netherlands was well above the European average. This fact was of enormous value in helping the national economies find their niches in the evolving currents of the international economy.

　　继续第一个原因：人少素质高。

　　Location was an important factor for allfour countries. All had immediate access to the sea, and this had important implications for a significant international resource, fish, as well as for cheap transport, merchant marines, and the ship building industry. Each took advantage of these opportunities in its own way. The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas food stuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). Denmark also had an admirable commercial history, particularly with respect to traffic through the Sound (the strait separating Denmark and Sweden). In 1857, in return for a payment of 63million kronor from other commercial nations, Denmark abolished the Sound tolldues the fees it had collected since 1497 for the use of the Sound. This, along with other policy shifts toward free trade, resulted in a significant increasein traffic through the Sound and in the port of Copenhagen.

　　第二个原因：地理位置优越。

　　The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth. The nineteenth century passed relatively peacefully for these countries, with progressive democratization taking place in all of them. They were reasonably well governed, without notable corruption or grandiose state projects, although in all of them the government gave some aid to railways, and in Sweden the state built the main lines. As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant land owners with a definite market orientation.

　　第三个原因：政治体制没有对工业化和经济的增长设置过多的障碍。

　　The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited. This meant a great dependence on international commerce, which had notorious fluctuations; but it also meant high returns to those factors of production that were fortunate enough to be well placed in times of prosperity. In Swedenexports accounted for 18 percent of the national income in 1870, and in 1913, 22 percent of a much larger national income. In the early twentieth century, Denmark exported 63 percent of its agricultural production: butter, porkproducts, and eggs. It exported 80 percent of its butter, almost all to Great Britain, where it accounted for 40 percent of British butter imports.

　　第四个原因：(也是最重要的原因)， 适应性强并且及时观察周围环境。

　　所以整篇文章的结构就非常清楚：总——分 结构

　　荷兰以及丹麦、挪威、瑞典这些国家工业化革命发展比较晚，但是却很迅速的实现了工业化。这种成功有重要的原因：人少素质高, 地理位置优越，政治体制没有对工业化和经济的增长设置过多的障碍, 适应性强并且及时观察周围环境。

　　当我们读文章的时候，题目已经很好的概括了文章的内容，所以把题目的内容解决了，文章在讲什么也就清楚了。