托福考试阅读题经验之逻辑分析

　　托福考试阅读题经验之逻辑分析

　　要解决这一问题，首先我们先来看看阅读中到底是什么样的句子限制了我们对文章的理解

　　With the advent of projection,the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer private,as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope,which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photograghic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.

　　When he grew older,William Smith taught himself surveying from books he brought with his small savings and at the age of ighteen he was apprenticed a surveyor of the local parish.

　　But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.

　　从上面句子可以看出来，这些句子都包含多重修饰成分，那对于修饰成分过多的句子，在此我们给出三种方案，也是希望大家能够达到的三大目标：

　　训练一遍读懂句子的能力

　　这就需要大家能够快速抓取句子主干，摒弃之前养成的回视的习惯。以第一个句子为例，我们应能得到这样的信息：

　　With……,the relationship was no longer private,it ……,which…..

　　这样我们就知道了整个句子其实就是在叙述伴随着投影机的出现，电影不再是属于个别人的消费品，而后面的两种机器的例子，只是在举例说明这个一个观点。

　　.训练以意群(word group)为单位进行阅读的能力

　　所谓意群，就是在句中按照意思和结构划分出的各个成分，每一个成分都称为一个意群。我们把第二个句子划分意群如下：

　　(When he grew older,)(William Smith taught himself surveying)( from books)( he brought with his small savings)( and at the age of eighteen )(he was apprenticed)( a surveyor of the local parish.)

　　划分过后，句子的含义就比较明了了，主要分为两部分：当他年龄稍长时，他用自己微薄的积蓄买书开始自学测量学;18岁时，就已经成为了当地教区的一名测量员学徒。

　　训练对语言逻辑词的敏感

　　a.并列关系：并列，递进，条件，因果(分号，冒号，破折号)

　　并列：and，also，or，similarly，in the same way

　　递进：even，furthermore，moreover，in addition，then，what is more

　　因果：derive from，lead to，due to，because，cause，since，for，therefore，hence，so…that，as a result ,result from

　　b.让步，转折关系：even though，although，while，but，yet，however，nevertheless，despite，in spite of

　　c.对比关系，比较级。

　　时间对比：when，while，after，before，since，until

　　比较级：more than，less than，most，above all

　　弄明白了这些词，我们再来看第三个句子，主干结构实际上就是一个and连接的并列句：

　　The myths……may continue as……and may even come to ……

　　这时再填充细节进去就容易的多了。

　　好了，那今天我们简单介绍了三种阅读长难句的分析方法，小伙伴们都学会了吗?

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