2017托福考试阅读高频词汇解析（五十七）

　　photosynthetic

　　光合作用的

　　I think what they found here is a new modification of chlorophyll that shows the flexibility of photosynthetic organisms to use whatever light is available.

　　stem

　　茎

　　These spiral vessels are part of a banana plant stem.

　　structure

　　结构

　　The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.

　　algae

　　藻类

　　Other factors may also come into play, including how much of the algae is eaten by marine animals, and how the material is moved by ocean currents.

　　chlorophyll

　　叶绿素

　　This could be estimated at 1000 litres of hydrogen for 330 grams of chlorophyll per day whereas for example colza produces roughly only 1000 litres of oil per hectare . . .

　　molecule

　　分子

　　They have developed all kinds of tools to synthesize and manipulate this molecule.

　　presumably

　　大概

　　The book provides many examples of this kind, some a bit too anecdotal for my taste, but presumably they are on the whole backed by statistically significant data.

　　descendant

　　relative

　　后代

　　Ancestor

　　If you must use descendant selectors, prefer child selectors, which at least only require evaluation of one additional node, not all the intermediate nodes up to an ancestor.

　　evolutionary

　　发展的

　　However, if we are derived from the same evolutionary process as all other living creatures, I’m not sure that this explanation has the appropriate explanatory power or scope.

　　invade

　　attrack

　　入侵

　　Why do you tell your people to invade our land and kill us, when your religion says no one must kill anyone made in the image of your God?

　　origin

　　root,source

　　起源

　　We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin.

　　withstand

　　retract

　　承受

　　What you eat is the fuel that you give to your body and you hope that this fuel will give you enough energy to finish all your tasks, to withstand daily stress and to have some fun.

　　adaptation

　　适应

　　These findings also challenge the idea that religion is an adaptation.

　　fluctuation

　　variation

　　波动, 起伏

　　Was this fluctuation real, or was it merely a glitch in the equipment used to measure the decay, induced by the change of seasons, with the accompanying changes in temperature and humidity?

　　organism

　　有机体, 生物

　　Because these structures can be traced back through the ancestors, they essentially serve as a marker of evolution; no organism can have a vestigial organ that hasn’t been found in its forefathers.

　　variable

　　可变的

　　Constant

　　And you have not declared any other variable for the workflow so far.

　　photosynthetic

　　光合的

　　I think what they found here is a new modification of chlorophyll that shows the flexibility of photosynthetic organisms to use whatever light is available.

　　enhance

　　提高

　　The computer can enhance the quality of photographs transmitted from space.

　　supposition

　　猜想, 推测

　　As for the spiral itself, current supposition is that this is the result of a star in a binary star system entering the planetary nebula phase, when its outer atmosphere is ejected.

　　pressure

　　stress

　　压力

　　Now at any point in the day starting at 5 in the morning, there can be that same level of intensity and pressure to get something out.

　　phylogenetic

　　动植物发展史

　　Thus, from a nearly identical phylogenetic background, we hypothesize that strains ABT and Fryx1 diverged, especially as regards motility and morphology, to inhabit quite distinct environments.

　　hypothesis

　　theory

　　假设

　　A suggested explanation, so long as its correctness is still in doubt, is called a hypothesis.

　　starch

　　淀粉

　　Until recently, the assumption has been that cellulose would take over from sugar and starch as the feedstock for making biofuels.

　　cellulose

　　纤维素

　　Development of celluloses that are stable outside the cells of microorganisms enables the culturing of fungi and with yeasts on cellulose hydrolyzates.

　　transition

　　过渡

　　And the procedure should be consistent with defect status transition.

　　desolate

　　devastate

　　荒芜的

　　We still dwell in the Valley of the Shadow, lurk in its desolate places, peering from brambles and thickets at its mad, malign inhabitants.

　　ashore

　　onshore

　　在岸上

　　But when I leaped ashore, and followed in her steps to warn her of a peril in front, alas!

　　inhospitable

　　不亲切的

　　Hospitable

　　Without this mechanism our "Blue Planet" might well be as dry and inhospitable as Mars.

　　predator

　　肉食动物

　　Some residents and experts said the predator may be a bear, a wayward panther or cougar, or even a wolf because 3-inch paw tracks were found at the scene.

　　diversify

　　使……不同

　　But even if they want to diversify, they have to do it as inconspicuously as possible – otherwiseothers will move with them and they will be hurt as the largest holder of US Treasuries.

　　obstacle

　　障碍, 妨碍

　　Milton's own faculty of memory - this is the idea that I'm going to be floating here - seems to provide something like, or pose a stumbling block or an obstacle for, his attempt to write an original, divinely inspired poem.

　　buoyancy

　　浮力, 弹性

　　Atmospheric gravity waves form when buoyancy pushes air up, and gravity pulls it back down.

　　terrestrial

　　地球的

　　Extraterrestrial

　　Available via terrestrial signals, satellite and cable, digital broadcasting will herald an explosion in the number of available channels.

　　nutrient

　　营养的

　　We need to ensure that our enduring legacy is not to wipe out the small things that provide us with great benefits such as nutrient recycling and climate regulation.

　　prosper

　　繁荣

　　May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world.

　　arise

　　happen, occur

　　产生, 出现

　　Problems arise because we often do not know what data to capture and, after you capture it, how to analyze it.

　　evaporation

　　蒸发

　　There has not been much change in rainfall in those areas but the temperature has risen by over 1 degree Centigrade since 1970, which will have enhanced losses due to evaporation.

　　substance

　　material

　　物质

　　We can distinguish one kind of substance from another by its properties.

　　stiffen

　　弄硬

　　Relax

　　The data could stiffen the resolve of Democrats to push for near-term stimulus as they seek a deal with Republicans to cut the U.S. budget deficit.

　　exploit

　　use, employ, utilize

　　利用

　　The temptation to exploit consumers usually prevails unless it is curbed.

　　expose

　　reveal

　　暴露

　　For sure there are constraints in what and how you expose things when you are a vendor of an expensive product.

　　disperse

　　散开

　　Even central banks, until recently keen to disperse some of their gold holdings, could soon be sniffing around for more of the precious metal, analysts say.

　　fertilize

　　使肥沃

　　After that, if you do fertilize the bulbs, do not mix the fertilizer in the planting hole. It could burn the roots.

　　potential

　　possible

　　潜力

　　By this stage you should have identified the users and potential users of your product, what they want from your product, and who you're up against.

　　barren

　　infertile

　　贫瘠的

　　Fertile

　　We should see nothing but barren fields, overrun with weeds and biers; and the farmer would feel that a winter of want and distress is before him.

　　arid

　　dry

　　干旱的

　　But the alga also plays an important role in the semi-arid areas of the country.

　　embryo

　　胚胎, 初期

　　They have not yet used the eggs to produce babies, but they have injected them with sperm to produce an early stage embryo in the laboratory.

　　pollen

　　授粉

　　The problem occurs because plants need to transfer pollen by wind and insect to fertilization and reproduce.

　　feature

　　特征

　　The business people on one of our projects really wanted this feature, so we implemented part of it on one of the screens for them.

　　waxy

　　柔软的

　　The all-terrain vehicle ploughs through roads of red dust and the hot summer air is thick with dragonflies as we pass eucalyptus, waxy-leaved fragrant frangipani and mango trees.

　　cuticle

　　表皮

　　When the trap door shuts, the plant excretes mucilage next to a special cuticle around the door, creating a watertight seal.

　　pore

　　气孔

　　Previous theories to explain the delay have considered the late arrival microquakes as aftershocks or as a consequence of redistribution of fluids in pore spaces.

　　stomata

　　气孔

　　Included among these cells are hairs (yup, leaves have hairs), any sort of bump or ornamentation, and most important, stomata.

　　protest

　　抗议

　　And then the lights go off, and the din of the tourists turns from a momentary grumble of protest to a greedy growl to whispered disappointment.