2016年托福学习语法专项考点解析一

　　16. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became secretary of labor.

　　答案：A

　　測試點：否定詞。

　　分析：no，not以及none這三個否定詞的用法，常在題中故意混淆。副詞not不能修飾名詞woman，此外應用形容詞no。

　　解題要點：no或not出現在TOEFL改錯題中，應首先考慮其是否正確。

　　17. The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：詞性。

　　分析：此處修飾名詞nutrients要用形容詞certain，不用名詞certainty.

　　18. Too much electric current may flow into a circuit as a result either of a fault in the circuit and of an outside event such as lightning.

　　答案：D

　　測試點：連詞短語

　　分析：either…or…的用法。看到either這個詞，要注意尋找其後是否有相應的or。and應為or。

　　解題要點;either…or，neither…nor, both…and等連詞習語為TOEFL常考題型，注意其前後搭配。

　　19. The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from Maine to Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：最高級。

　　分析：形容詞或副詞前有the，後有in the world等表示範圍—類的短語，應當用最高級形式。此處longer應為longest。

　　解題要點;當TOEFL改錯題中出現劃線的形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級形式時，應注意其用法是否正確。

　　20. For years, elephants were hunted for food and ivory, and as a result theirs numbers have been greatly reduced.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：詞性。

　　分析：numbers為名詞，前面要用形容詞性的代詞their。theirs為名詞性質。

　　21. Barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing.

　　答案：A

　　測試點：詞性。

　　分析：carrier是名詞，而此處需要謂語動詞。應為carries。

　　解題要點：名詞尾碼-er,-or,-tion,-sion等形式出現在TOEFL改錯題中，應引起特別注意。

　　22. Although afflicted by serious eyesight problems, Alicia Alonso was one the principal stars of the American Ballet Theater and later formed her own dance company.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：習語。

　　分析：One of the+複數名詞/名詞詞級是固定說法，此處缺of.

　　23. The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：主謂數的一致。

　　分析：主語是單數的combat,系動詞要用心

　　解題要點：介詞短語of animals是名詞combat的定語，這類以of引接的定語後置結構要特別注意主謂的數是否一致。

　　24. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：並列結構/詞性。

　　分析：and的前後部分應同詞性、同性質，此處應用副詞effectively與and前的simply和directly並列，不用形容詞effective。

　　25. Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.

　　答案：D

　　測試點：詞性

　　分析：表示“在長度方面”固定的說法是in length，不用long。從詞性考慮，介詞詛後要加名詞(1ength),不能加形容詞(1ong)。

　　解題要點;TOEFL考題中表示長(1ong，length),高(high，height),深(deep，depth)等詞的名詞及其形容詞形式常常混淆。

　　26. According to some theories derived from psychoanalysis, life is supposedly easier and mo re pleasant when inhibitions overcoming.

　　答案：D

　　測試點：詞形。

　　分析：inhibitions前有連接詞when，說明其後應為主謂完整的從句。overcoming不是謂語動詞的形式，應為are overcome。

　　27. When rainbows appear, they are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the Sun.

　　答案：D

　　測試點：詞序。

　　分析：介詞和它的賓語之間不要加入副詞。此處副詞directly應在介詞opposite之前。

　　28. Benjamin Franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited raising 10,000 volunteers for the American Revolutionary War.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：習語。

　　分析：Be credited with是固定短語，表示“被認為取得某種成就”。

　　29. The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval lchemists.

　　答案：A

　　測試點：詞性。

　　分析：此處要求名詞作主語，而begins則是動詞形式。應為beginnings.

　　30. In many pieces of music there is a dominant theme on which the restful of the composition is centered.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：習語/詞性。

　　分析：The rest of是固定短語。從詞性的角度來分析，冠詞the後面應接名詞。

　　31. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：other和another的用法。

　　分析：遇有劃線的another或other要加以注意，這兩個詞常被相互錯用。此處應為other。Other than是固定說法，表示“除了，不同於”。

　　32.In a representative democracy, the people election delegates to an assembly.

　　答案：C 測試點：詞性。

　　分析：此處需一動詞作謂語，而election是名詞。解題要點;參見本套考題的第(21)題。

　　33.George Washington Carver found hundred of uses for the peanut, the sweet potato, and the soybean and thus stimulated the cultivation of these crops.

　　答案：A

　　測試點：習語。

　　分析：表示不確定數目的短語，如hundreds of，thousands of，millions of等，均用複數。

　　34. A citadel, a fortress designed for the defense of a city, usually standed on top of a hill.

　　答案：D

　　測試點：不規則動詞的詞形變化。

　　分析：這類考題數量雖不多，但考的是最基本的知識，不應做錯。stand的過去式是stood，standed是個錯字。解題要點;stand-stood·stood及begin-began-begun等不規則動詞變化形式要記牢。

　　35. Conservative philosophers argue that the very structure of society is threatening by civil disobedience, while humanists stress the primacy of the individual conscience.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：被動語態。

　　分析：系動詞 (be)和介詞by同時出現是被動語態的信號，它們之間的動詞要用過去分詞。此處threatening應為threatened.

　　36. Since 1971 the regional corporations set up in Alaska by Congress managing everything from fishing to banking.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：詞形。

　　分析：此處需要謂語動詞形式have managed。句中set up為過去分詞短語，修飾前面的名詞主語corporations。另外注意 (D)banking為名詞，意為“銀行業”。

　　37. A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last just a few seconds.

　　答案：D

　　測試點：主謂數的一致。

　　分析：that為從句主語，後接動詞作其謂語。而that代指單數的a supply故其謂語也應用單數形式的lasts。

　　38. Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：詞性/並列結構。

　　分析：連詞and要求它兩邊是同詞性、同性質的成份。此處and一邊是形容詞tactile，另一邊應當也是形容詞visional，不用名詞vision。

　　39. The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：時態。

　　分析：若句中有表示具體時間的狀語，如in the nineteenth century等，則不能用現在完成時，而要用一般過去時。此處has been為was。

　　40. Gulls can often be see swooping over large bodies of water.