2016年托福考试语法复习之定冠词的11种用法

　　2016年托福考试语法复习之定冠词的11种用法

　　定冠词(the)

　　(1) 表示“独一无二”的事物 the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, (the) Earth

　　(2) 序数词只有作前置定语修饰noun，才必须加the

　　年代：in seventeenth centuryà! in the seventeenth century

　　排序：the eight element.....--> ! the eighth element......

　　·陷阱：序数词的考点：加不加the，是eight或eighth

　　* Utah ranks the first amongàUtah ranks first among..

　　* A is the second only to B ! àA is second only to B A仅次于B

　　(3) adj.最高级作前置定语修饰noun,才必须加the

　　eg: the most desolate荒凉的 region(s) the most handsome teacher(s)

　　例题：

　　Proteins form (the most) of the (structure of) the (body) and also (act as) enzymes.

　　答案: A the mostà most 不是最高级

　　* most的非最高級用法一定不加the：eg: the most of the structure ×

　　(4) 海洋，河流，湖泊前必须加the eg: winds from Atlantic Ocean × winds from the Atlantic Ocean

　　(5) 表示“人体” the human body (习惯用法)

　　例题：

　　More (and) 90 percent of the calcium in the (human) body (is) in (the) skeleton

　　答案: A andàmore than more than修饰数量词=over

　　表示“普通人” eg: the average/ common person, the ordinary person

　　例题：

　　(Small distinctions) among stamps, unimportant to (the person average), would (mean) a great deal (to) the stamp collector.

　　答案: B the person averageà the average person

　　(6) 表示“开始”与“结束”，必须加the

　　eg: the beginning(s), the end

　　Great (technical) advances in aerial and (satellite) photography (have) been made (since end) of the Second World War.

　　答案: D since endàsince the end

　　(7) 乐器前通常加the eg: play the piano √ *play erhu 二胡

　　(8) nature前通常不加the

　　a. 泛指在自然界 in nature

　　b. ... of nature 本质上的 faith of nature 发自内心的信仰

　　(9) history

　　a. 泛指“在历史上”，in history

　　例题：

　　Archeological studies (have provided) evidence (that) the (use of) plants for decoration as well as for food developed early in (the history).

　　答案: D the historyàhistory

　　b. 特指在某种历史上，in the history of New oriental school

　　(10)氣體前通常不加the, 当后有定语时加the

　　eg: the nitrogen氮 × the nitrogen in the bottle √

　　例题：

　　(The nitrogen) makes up (over) 78 (percent of) the Earth atmosphere, the gaseous mass (surrounding) the planet.

　　答案: A The nitrogenànitrogen

　　学科前通常不加the

　　eg: the astronomy ×

　　(The astronomy) is the oldest (science), but it (continues) to be (at) the forefront of scientific thought.

　　答案: A The astronomyàastronomy

　　元素前通常不加the eg: the iron × the motel iron √

　　(11) 城市名，州名，国家名前不加the eg: in Beijing , in the city of Beijing, in china

　　联合名词除外：the United States, the United kingdom * a United States boy.(用作形容词)

　　例题：

　　The Yukon育空 River, which (flows) into the Bering Sea, gives (its) name to a region of Alaska (and a) territory (of the) Canada.

　　答案: D of theàof

　　Surveys show that the majority of passengers (are pleasing) that an agreement has been reached (to forbid) smoking on (commercial) flights (within) the continental United States.

　　答案：A pleased