Now online provision is transforming higher education, giving the best universities
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But the change in 2012 has been electrifying.Two start-ups, both spawned by Stanford University, are recruiting students at an astonishing rate for 6tmassive open online courses59 or MOOCs.In January, Sebastian Thrun, a computer-science professor there, announced the launch of Udacity.It started to offer courses the next month a nanosecond by the standards of old-style university decision-making.In April, two of Mr.Thrun’s ex-colleagues launched a rival, Coursera.At first, it offered online courses from four universities.By August, it had signed up 1 million students, now boasting over 2 million.Harvard and MIT announced they would launch edX, a non-profit venture.Other schools have joined, too.
One spur is economic and political pressure to improve productivity in higher education.The cost per student in the U.S.has risen at almost five times the rate of inflation since 1983.For universities beset by heavy debts, smaller taxpayer subsidies and a cyclical decline in enrollment, online courses mean better tuition, higher graduation rates and lower-cost degrees.New technology also gives the innovative a chance to shine against their rivals.
MOOCs are more than good university lectures available online.The real innovation comes from integrating academic talks with interactive coursework, such as automated tests, quizzes and even games.Real-life lectures have no pause，rewind (or fast_forward) buttons;MOOCs let students learn at their own pace, typically with short, engaging videos.The cost of the courses can be spread over huge numbers of students.MOOCs enrich education for worldwide students, especially the cash-strapped, and those dissatisfied with what their own colleges are offering.But for others, especially in poor countries, online education opens the door to yearning for opportunities.
Some of Europe's best schools are determinedly unruffled.Oxford says that MOOCs “will not prompt it to change anything’’，adding that it “does not see them as revolutionary in anything other than scale”.Cambridge even says it is “nonsense” to see MOOCs as a rival; it is “not in the business of online education”.Such universities are likely to continue to attract the best (and richest) applicants who want personal tuition and the whiff of research in the air.For these places, MOOCs are chiefly a marketing opportunity.
To compete head-on with established providers, MOOCs must not just teach but also provide credible qualifications.The vast majority of Coursera, Udacity and edX offerings do not provide a degree.This may be one reason for MOOCs’ high dropout rates.Another worry is that online tests are open to cheating and plagiarism.Peer grading even if honest, may be flawed.
单选题第1题________was the first to offer the open lectures.
A.Harvard
B.MIT
C.Britain’s Open University
D.Stanford University
参考答案：C
答案解析：细节识别。第一段中间举例说明公开课己有数十年历史，其中“Britain's Open University started teaching via radio and television in 1971”，而后面提到的美国哈佛大学等高校在网上发布公开课仅十年时间，因此，选项C符合原意。
单选题第2题The word “MOOCs” underlined in Paragraph 2 is________.
A.a shortened version of “massive online open courses”
B.abbreviated from “massive open online courses”
C.another type of open classroom courses
D.equivalent to flipped classroom teaching
参考答案：B
答案解析：词义界定。第二段 “‘massive open online courses' or MOOCs” 明确表明MOOCs 的意义，or相当于“换言之”，取massive open online courses四个词的首字母就得到
MOOC,加上courses是复数，所以加s,本意是“大规模开放性在线课程”。
单选题第3题From Paragraph 1, we can know that________.
A.online education programs spring up like mushrooms
B.Udacity, Coursera and edX are not rivals
C.other schools have joined Stanford and Harvard
D.Online courses are offered by non-profit universities
参考答案：A
答案解析：段落大意。根据第一段 “Now online provision is transforming higher education,
giving the best universities a chance to widen their catch” 可知，在线课程正在转变高等教育，给最优秀的大学带来扩大自身影响的机会。本段随后举例说明网络课程发展迅
猛，因此选项A总结得比较中肯。
单选题第4题Universities embracing new technology in launching online courses DON’T consider________.
A.better tuitions
B.more innovations
C.lower-cost degrees
D.higher graduation rates
参考答案：B
答案解析：错误排除。根据第三段 “online courses mean better tuition, higher graduation rates
and lower-cost degrees”可知，在线课程意味着学费更优惠、毕业率升高、学位成本降低。其中唯独没有提到更多创新，因此选项B排除。
单选题第5题Compared with real-life lectures, MOOCs are offered to________.
A.allow students to pause during academic talks
B.encourage students to rewind the buttons to track the tapes
C.enable students to learn in their classrooms with videos
D.integrate academic talks with interactive coursework
参考答案：D
答案解析：细节识别。根据第四段 “The real innovation comes from integrating academic talks
with interactive coursework”可知，慕课真正的创新是将学术讨论融入互动性作业。选项A和B均是其中的细节，而选项C的classrooms是误导性表述，慕课完全可以在其他场所进行学习。
单选题第6题Paragraph 5 indicates that some of the best European universities________.
A.cannot remain calm in the face of MOOCs
B.regard MOOCs as a revolution in higher education
C.prefer traditional education to online provisions
D.attract the best applicants to challenge online courses
参考答案：C
答案解析：细节识别。根据第五段 “Some of Europe's best schools are determinedly unruffled” 可
知，一些欧洲顶 尖学校决意泰然处之。本段接下来举例说明他们依然坚持传统方式，牛津和剑桥都认为慕课掀不起什么大浪来，即选项C表达的内容。
单选题第7题The phrase “a marketing opportunity” underlined in Paragraph 5 suggests________.
A.some universities use MOOCs as a publicity facility only
B.students can obtain their degrees with the lowest costs
C.MOOCs, as any other online courses, mean better tuitions
D.MOOCs can reduce financial pressure on the universities
参考答案：A
答案解析：语义推理。a marketing opportunity出现在第五段最后一句“For these places,
MOOCs are chiefly a marketing opportunity”，即对于这些地方（大学）而言，慕课主要提供了营销机会（即仅仅作为宣传工具而已）。本句的chiefly决定了a marketing opportunity的语义色彩是褒义还是贬义，所以本题看似细节识别题，实际隐含着语义推理，因为语义推理是以词项间的语义关系为前提的。
单选题第8题The MOOCs5 dropout rate is high because________.
A.they lose to the established providers
B.they don't allow students to cheat in online tests
C.they are not aware of the importance of qualifications
D.most courses offered don't provide degrees
参考答案：D
答案解析：细节识别。根据第六段 “The vast majority of Coursera, Udacity and edX offerings
do not provide a degree. This may be one reason for MOOCs' high dropout rates” 可知，
Coursera, Udacity和edX提供的大多数在线课程都不授予学位，或许这是慕课辍学率居高不下的一个原因。
单选题第9题The phrase "peer grading^ underlined in the last paragraph means________.
A.the honesty of students
B.the flaws in students’ characters
C.students5 assessment of their classmates
D.students of the same age and social status
参考答案：C
答案解析：词义界定。peer grading出现在最后一句 “Peer grading even if honest, may be
flawed”，大意是同学互评即使诚实可信，也存在瑕疵。第75题“知识拓展”中己提到慕课的评分方式，对此不了解的读者也可以根据构词推测意义。grading作为主语，属于动名词，其动词grade的本义为“评分”，即使不认识peer （同学，同侪）这个词，也可以根据选项判断，因为只有选项C的assessment表示“评分，评价”。
单选题第10题The passage implies that online courses are________.
A.transforming higher education
B.creating new opportunities for the best
C.bringing some problems to the rest of students
D.helping improve traditional classroom instruction
参考答案：A
答案解析：主旨大意。本文开宗明义指出“Now online provision is transforming higher
education”。尽管始于1971年，但2012年发生了巨变，因为大规模招生开始了。
第三段 “One spur is economic and political pressure to improve productivity in higher
education”分析了慕课蓬勃发展的原因。第四段剖析了慕课相对于传统教育的优势，
即学习者可以互动和自主学习。第五段提到欧洲顶 尖大学对慕课不肩一顾。最后一段
指出慕课要与传统教育竞争，必须获得更多学位授予资格。综上，选项A较准确地概
括了原意。
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