It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on
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There is no doubt that all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at very different stages of the process.The median age in the United States 一 with half the population older and half younger is currently 36.In Ethiopia, it's 18, owing to a higher birthrate and a lower life expectancy.In other African countries, it9s even lower The world's oldest country is Germany, where the median age is 45.
The pattern is very clear: The young countries are poor, and the old countries are rich.So why do people fear population aging? I see two reasons.The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging suggests that as populations get older,they grow frail and lose mental acuity.The second comes from economists and an indicator called the dependency ratio, which assumes that every adult below age 65 contributes to society, and everybody above 65 is a burden.And the proportion of people older than 65 is bound to increase.
Yet we also know that the productivity of some individuals is much higher than that of others, independent of age.Nothing is inherently special about the age of 65.Many people live longer and do so mostly in good health.The saying "seventy is the new 60" has a sound scientific basis.Meanwhile, education has been shown to be a key determinant of better health, longer life and higher productivity （not to mention open-mindedness）.The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem.
To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and India.In 2050 China's population will be older than India's because of its more rapid fertility decline.But so what? China's population is much better educated and therefore much more productive.Furthermore, only a minority of Chinese will retire at age 65.We can expect most Chinese to make meaningful contributions through work as long as they are in good health, particularly if they find their jobs interesting and satisfying.Again, this is largely a question of education.In India today, one out of three adults has never seen a school from the inside.In China only 8 percent, mostly elderly, have no schooling.In India, 50 percent of young women have less than a junior secondary education; in China, the figure is only 15 percent.Knowing how important education is to economic performance, who would seriously claim that India's future is brighter than China's owing to slower aging?
Population aging is not irrelevant, but it should be seen in conjunction with other dimensions of human capital, especially education and health.Here the prospects are good.In most countries of the world 一 with the notable exception of the United States the young are clearly better educated than the old and may thus compensate for their smaller numbers through higher productivity.
Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them manageable, is something that the private sector has been doing for a long time.Every sizable business pays attention to human resource management.For governments, the equivalent would be a form of national human resource management that considers education, migration, family, labor, health, and retirement as components that interact richly and together drive the richness of the future.
单选题第1题What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Ethiopian women are allowed to produce more babies.
B.German people have higher life expectancy.
C.Aging population causes economic recession.
D.Median age refers to the phase of aging.
参考答案：B
答案解析：比较判断。本段第一句 "all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at
very different stages of the process"为主题句,段落其余部分以年龄中位数为依据举例
说明了这一论点,美国为36,埃塞俄比亚为18,非洲一些国家更低,德国为45,而年
龄中位数越大,该国人均寿命越长,因此选项B正确。
单选题第2题Paragraph 3 mainly discusses_______.
A.mental and economic factors of population aging
B.real reasons for the prosperity of the old countries
C.the reasons of people's fear of the aging process
D.common patterns of demographic aging
参考答案：C
答案解析：段落大意。题干问的是大意,所以浏览（skimming）段落逻辑可得答案。第三段
第二行提出问题"So why do people fear population aging",然后马上分析答案"I see
two reasons. The first is ... The second comes ..." 属于归因推理。
单选题第3题The word "acuity" underlined in Paragraph 3 means_______.
A.evolution
B.sharpness
C.status
D.process
参考答案：B
答案解析：词义界定。原句为 "The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging
suggests that as populations get older, they grow frail and lose mental acuity” ,语境预设的
大框架为心理因素,具体问题是人越老,身体越弱,越容易丧失思维。而一般认为随
着年龄的增大,思维会逐渐迟钝,即失去敏锐的思维,故选B。
单选题第4题What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.Education largely determines people's productivity.
B.Aging has something to do with mental acuity.
C.Good health leads to higher life expectancy.
D.The process of aging has a scientific basis.
参考答案：A
答案解析：段落大意。从语篇连贯角度看,本段是为了驳斥上一段人们的误解,其根据有两
条；生产力因人而异,与年龄无关；教育程度也决定人的健康、寿命及生产力。
单选题第5题In the sentence "seventy is the new 60" underlined in Paragraph 4, the author uses a
metaphorical device termed_______.
A.simile
B.pun
C.irony
D.analogy
参考答案：D
答案解析：修辞手段。本句大意为"六十始自七十岁",即人到七十,又是一个新的开始,
就像回到六十岁一样年轻。换言之,将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较,
帮助说明道理或描述某种复杂情况。这种比喻形式称为analogy （类比）。
单选题第6题The old countries are booming because the elderly people_______.
A.serve as a valuable asset
B.have strong personality
C.are increasing considerably
D.are in good health
参考答案：A
答案解析：归因推理。根据第三段第一行"The young countries are poor, and the old countries
are rich",和第四段提到的"人的生产力因人而异,与年龄无关,受到良好教育
的老年人依旧老有所为",以及最后一句结论"The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem" 可知,老年人对社会来说是一种财富。
单选题第7题What is true of the following statements when China is compared with India?
A.Indians will have more interesting jobs.
B.Retiring age in China will be 65.
C.More people in China continue to work after reaching 65.
D.More Indian women will be well-educated.
参考答案：C
答案解析：比较判断。第五段对中国和印度做了比较,要点如下：到2050年中国老龄化比
印度严重；中国教育程度比印度高,人民生产力更高；中国只有少数人在65岁之后退
休；中国教育普及程度远高于印度。显然,选项C对应比较要点。
单选题第8题The author mentions China and India to_______.
A.provide examples of aging population
B.predict the future trend of development
C.explain the reasons for high productivity
D.refute the view about dependency ratio
参考答案：D
答案解析：细节识别。第五段第一句 "To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic
dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and
India"为主题句,本段其余部分用具体事实证明该论点,所以选项D符合主题句句意。
单选题第9题What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Healthier people can enhance productivity.
B.Elderly people are the majority group in most countries.
C.Human capital contains many manageable components.
D.Private businesses focus more on the aging problem.
参考答案：C
答案解析：语义推理。以infer为核 心词的问题均涉及语义推理。本段的核 心词为human
capital,整段就私企的作为和政府应承担的责任予以了阐述。由于第一句明确表示
w Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them
manageable",所以基本不需推理也可与选项C对应起来。
单选题第10题The author believes that_______.
A.aging population is closely related to economic decline
B.aging population can still make contributions to society
C.governments should pay more attention to aging population
D.further education is key to the productivity of aging population
参考答案：B
答案解析：论点概括。文章第一段提出问题"But is that （aging） really such a problem",
经过中间两段的论述,第四段最后一句得出结论"The active aging of better-educated
populations can be an asset rather than a problem",然后本文继续讨论如何善待并有效
利用人力资源,因此,选项B符合作者的论点。
[知识拓展]作者对于所述问题的论点可由分论点概括而来,也可根据论述逻辑推理而
来。本文的论点属于后者。
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