Every autumn, retailers hire large numbers of seasonal workers to handle the
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It may not work out that way in 2019. Fewer teens are in the workforce nowadays, reducing the number of job seekers for low-wage work and helping raise the pay rates needed to woo those who are. Also, minimum wage increases for lower-skilled workers at companies such as Amazon.com, Walmart, and Target are making it more difficult for restaurants to compete for talent, forcing them to try everything from social media campaigns to quarterly bonuses to entice applicants. “The last 18 to 24 months, it’s been very competitive, no matter what time of year?” says Bjorn Erland, vice president for people and experience at Yum! Brands Inc.’s Taco Bell chain. “I don’t think it’s going to ease up much just because the holidays are over.”
Many franchisees, who do most fast-food hiring, are loath to raise wages, which must be off-set by higher menu prices. They count on ample pools of workers willing to accept modest pay. So the falloff in employment among postmillennials, those less than 22 years old, is particularly troublesome for restaurants that have depended on young workers since the days of soda jerks and carhops. Just 19 percent of 15- to 17-year-olds had jobs in 2018, compared with almost half in 1968, according to a Pew Research Center study published in November. It wasn’t much better for 18- to 21-year-olds: In 2018, 58 percent had been employed in the previous year, down from 80 percent in 1968, Pew says.
That’s making restaurants rethink how they recruit and retain young workers. Taco Bell has started holding “hiring parties” with free nacho fries to draw prospects. Tom Douglas, vice president for operations at Golden Gate Bell, which operates 80 Taco Bell locations in and around San Francisco, has gone further: He’s started using software to connect with potential hires. The program sends prospects text messages with links to its career page, along with occasional food freebies to lure candidates. Golden Gate Bell, which employs about 1,800 and competes with Wendy’s, McDonald’s, and big box retailers for employees, also recently started a quarterly bonus program for hourly staff. “The traditional way of trying to hire folks just isn’t working,” says Douglas. “We’re just trying to make ourselves a little bit different and stand out from the competitors.”
Actions that increase employee retention are also getting a lot of attention in the high- turnover business. The White Castle hamburger chain is using an employee mobile app that allows hourly staff to swap shifts at the last minute when conflicts inevitably arise. And Sticky Fingers Ribhouse, an 11-store barbecue chain in South Carolina, is asking employees for their opinions. It recently surveyed staff about its new rib recipe, along with their happiness with its uniforms. “The younger labor market, they really want to feel connected to a brand,” says Will Eadie, global vice president for strategy at WorkJam, which provides training and other digital labor services through a mobile app for clients including restaurants and retailers such as Target Corp. and Shell gas stations.
How desperate are fast-food operators to reach the right people? Instead of business cards, managers at Church9s Chicken outlets in October started handing out recruiting cards that say, “We are looking for great talent like you!” The cards include phone numbers and emails for cook and cashier prospects to get in touch.
In the long term, restaurants need to find new ways to work around shortages because the tight labor market isn’t going away anytime soon, says Michael Harms, vice president for operations at researcher TDn2K, which tracks restaurant industry employment trends. “Restaurants are going to have to rely on technology to replace these workers,” he says. “I don’t see a lot of relief on the way.”
单选题第1题The word “those” underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to______.
A.workers
B.servers
C.wages
D.restaurants
参考答案：C
答案解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位第1段第3句，分析结构可知，those指代wages，故正确答案为C。
单选题第2题According to Paragraph 2, the situation in 2019 may change for all the following reasons EXCEPT that______.
A.fewer teens are in the workforce
B.job seekers help raise the pay rates
C.there are fewer people looking for low-wage work
D.it is more difficult for restaurants to compete for talent
参考答案：B
答案解析：推断题。根据选项定位第2段，仔细对比后可知，B与原文不符，因为对语法结构而言，helping raise the pay rates中helping的逻辑主语是主句，而非job seekers，故B为正确答案。
单选题第3题The word “entice” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably means______ .
A.engage
B.fascinate
C.enlarge
D.fabricate
参考答案：B
答案解析：语义题。engage从事，fascinate使着迷，enlarge扩大，fabricate制造。entice意为“诱惑，怂恿”，B选项语义与其最接近，故为正确答案。
单选题第4题In Paragraph 3, the author uses a number of data to indicate that______.
A.the job market in 2018 was worse than that in 1968
B.it wasn’t much better for young people
C.most fast-food hiring needs to raise wages
D.restaurants depending on young workers worried about less employment among postmillennials
参考答案：D
答案解析：推断题。罗列数据是为了说明观点，之前的原文为So the falloff in employment among postmillennials, those less than 22 years old, is particularly troublesome for restaurants…，大意为“后千禧一代雇员的减少让饭店尤其忧心忡忡”，故正确答案为D。
单选题第5题The word “prospects” underlined in Paragraph 4 is most probably means______
A.chances of success
B.ideas of interest
C.people of success
D.people of interest
参考答案：D
答案解析：语义题。chances of success成功的机会，ideas of interest有兴趣的想法，people of success 成功人士，people of interest有兴趣的人。“prospects” 一般指前景，但在本文中意为“可能会应聘的人”，故D为正确答案。
单选题第6题The main idea of Paragraph 4 can be summarized as______.
A.The traditional way of hiring is not working
B.Restaurants need to use different ways in order to stand out
C.The current situation forces restaurants to think of new ways to hire and keep young employees
D.software needs to be used in recruiting and retaining young workers
参考答案：C
答案解析：主旨题。段落主旨题的关键在于找到中心句，一般位于段首或段尾。分析本段结构可知，第1句为中心句，后用举例论证法展开，最后小结。将4个选项与 第1句对比后发现C与原文相符，故为正确答案。
单选题第7题According to Paragraph 5, restaurants are taking various measures in order to______.
A.attract younger labor
B.retain current employees
C.recruit new staff
D.improve the happiness of employees
参考答案：B
答案解析：推断题。分析第5段段落结构可知，第1句话为中心句，后面举了许多实例，句中的employee retention意为“留住雇员”，故正确答案为B。
单选题第8题Which of the following statements is NOT true of the mobile app mentioned in Paragraph 5?（）。
A.It may be used to settle conflicts among employees.
B.It may be used to provide training.
C.It may be used to ask employees for their opinions.
D.It may be used to provide digital labor services.
参考答案：C
答案解析：推断题。根据选项定位第5段，仔细比对后可知C与原文不符，因为原文为 “And Sticky Fingers Ribhouse … is asking employees for their opinions” , C选项的主语与本句不一致，故为正确答案。
单选题第9题Michael Harms, vice president for operations at researcher TDn2K, believes that labor shortage______.
A.can be solved anytime soon
B.can only be solved in new ways
C.cannot be solved unless we track restaurant industry employment trends
D.cannot be solved unless workers are equipped with technology
参考答案：B
答案解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位第7段第1句，分析语义可知，饭店必须找到新的方法解决用工荒的问题，故正确答案为B。
单选题第10题The overall tone of this passage is______.
A.neutral
B.enthusiastic
C.cautious
D.unoptimistic
参考答案：D
答案解析：态度题。从最后一段可知，作者认为用工荒的问题没有改善的迹象，故正确答案为D（不乐观的）。
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