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Indeed, soft power is generally seen as a major asset in the foreign policy realm, helping countries achieve their goals without resorting to “hard power” 一 i.e., coercive means. “Young people around the world，” the diplomat confidently asserted, “still listen to American music, watch American movies and dream of coming to the United States.”
Particularly in Latin America, that remains as true as ever, despite Donald Trump in the White House and a historic and irreversible shift of economic power away from the West towards Asia.The United States' cultural influence and visibility stands unrivaled across Latin America.Chinese culture, by comparison, remains largely unknown and is usually met with indifference and a lack of interest. While some people are aware of China's growing economic role in Latin America it is already the largest trading partner of several of the region's major economies, including Brazil, Chile and Peru most would struggle to name a single Chinese contemporary singer, athlete or soap opera star. Latin America^ mass media busily reports even minor events in U.S. politics or cultural life, yet Chinese news remain the stuff of specialists.
Yet while U.S. soft power may provide some tangible economic benefits in Latin America think of tourism to Disney World and New York, Netflix subscriptions and Starbucks sales it has also shown to be a double-edged sword, particularly in the foreign policy realm. China's under-the-radar approach in Latin America, by comparison，also brings important advantages, some of which may, paradoxically, be of greater strategic relevance in the long term. That is because, in a region traditionally concerned about U.S. meddling, strong cultural influence tends to inflate the perceived political and economic influence. While the United States'de facto influence in Latin America has declined significantly over the past decade partly due to China's growing role in the region，but also because U.S. policymakers generally do not see the region as a priority this change is barely reflected in the public debate, where the U.S. role remains outsized.
That often makes cooperating with the United States politically costly. When Brazil's former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso reached, in 2000, a groundbreaking space cooperation deal with the United States, which would involve U.S. use of the Brazilian space agency 5s launch site in Alcntara in Northern Brazil (its equatorial location allows reducing fuel costs of satellite launches by 30 percent), the opposition saw an opportunity to whip up anti-American nationalist sentiment by mischaracterizing the technology safeguards agreement (TSA) as a threat to Brazil's sovereignty. Cardoso found himself accused of being an entreguista and canceled the project, which would have allowed Brazil to develop precious expertise in the area increasingly important due to strong growth in the microsatellite sector crucial for GPS and internet communication. When the current government of Michel Temer took up the project recently, pressure again intensified, even though this time its successful conclusion is more likely. If the project partner had been China back then or today, it seems unlikely that the project would have faced as much political resistance.
This episode is starkly contrasted by how China can operate across Latin America and make strategic investments almost without any real concern for public opinion. When Chinese investors recently bought a third of Brazil's electricity sector a sector of tremendous strategic importance the news barely made it to the front page of Brazilian newspapers.
单选题第1题Why was the U.S. career diplomat optimistic?
A.Because China would probably soon overtake the United States as the world's largest economy.
B.Because the United States would remain the world's largest economy.
C.Because China was unlikely to rival the United States anytime soon when it came to “soft power”.
D.Because the United States was unlikely to rival China anytime soon when it came to “soft power”.
参考答案：C
答案解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位第1段第1句，由第2句中的but分句可知，这位美国外交官认为中国在软实力方面还无法与美国匹敌。根据上下文，the Middle Kingdom应该指中国，故正确答案为C。
单选题第2题The word “coercive” underlined in Paragraph 2 is synonymous to______.
A.forcible
B.complementary
C.formidable
D.coherent
参考答案：A
答案解析：语义题。forcible强迫的，complementary互补的，formidable可怕的，coherent连贯的。coercive意为“强制的，强迫的”，故A为正确答案。
单选题第3题According to the author, Donald Trump in the White House seems to be______ to Latin America.
A.promising
B.influential
C.surprising
D.unfavorable
参考答案：D
答案解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位第3段第1句，从despite这个词可知，Donald Trump in the White House与主句构成让步关系，是美国在拉美软实力影响的不利因素，故正确答案为D。
单选题第4题In paragraph 3, the author mentions Chinese contemporary singer, athlete or soap opera star just in order to show that______.
A.people in Latin America are aware of China's growing economic role
B.people in Latin America are ignorant of China's visibility
C.people in Latin America are not interested in Chinese culture
D.people in Latin America remain unknown to Chinese culture
参考答案：C
答案解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位第3段第4句，可知大多数拉美人很难说出一个中国当代歌手、运动员或电视明星的名字，其原因在第3句：相比之下，中国文化往往不为人知，通常无人关注或难以引起人们的兴趣。故正确答案为C。
单选题第5题Which of the following statements is NOT true of U.S. soft power in Latin America?
A.It is unrivaled by any other country.
B.It contributes to low economic benefits for the U.S..
C.It remains the same as before.
D.It is more influential than Chinese soft power in the same region.
参考答案：B
答案解析：推断题。根据选项定位第1 一4段，仔细甄别后可知，B与原文（带来一些切实的经济利益）不符，故为正确答案。
单选题第6题The compound word “under-the-radar” underlined in Paragraph 4 most likely means______
A.vulnerable
B.vigorous
C.invisible
D.inviable
参考答案：C
答案解析：语义题。vulnerable脆弱的，vigorous精力充沛的，invisible不引人注目的，inviable不可能生存的。根据上下文，under-the-radar意为“低调的”，故正确答案 为C。
单选题第7题According to the passage, the U.S. influence in Latin America has declined over the past decade mainly because______
A.China is replacing the United States in the region
B.China's approach in the region is of great strategic relevance in the long term
C.the U.S. government tends to inflate the perceived political and economic influence in the region
D.the U.S. government does not attach so much importance to the region
参考答案：D
答案解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位第4段第4句，可知美国在拉美地区影响力的下降有两个原因：中国在该地区的作用日益突显；美国的政策制定者未将该地区作为优先考虑的对象，故正确答案为D。
单选题第8题The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that______.
A.the U.S. cooperation with Latin American countries often encounters political resistance
B.the space cooperation between the United States and Brazil is likely to succeed
C.the U.S. is unwilling to cooperate with Brazil in space exploration
D.China is willing to cooperate with Brazil in space exploration
参考答案：A
答案解析：主旨题。该题为段落主旨题，关键在于找出中心句，而段落中心句一般位于段首。分析第5段结构可知，第1句（那常常使得与美国合作的政治代价高昂）为中心句，接着举了两个例子说明该句观点，故正确答案为A。
单选题第9题The word “entreguista” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably means______.
A.criminal
B.traitor
C.corruptionist
D.villain
参考答案：B
答案解析：语义题。criminal罪犯，traitor叛国者，corruptionist贪官，villain恶棍。根据上下文，entreguista意为“叛国者”，故正确答案为B。
单选题第10题The author's attitude towards China's economic success in Latin America is______.
A.optimistic
B.neutral
C.indifferent
D.negative
参考答案：D
答案解析：态度题。最后两段作者对美国与中国在拉美地区的待遇做了对比，前者因其强大的文化影响力遭遇政治抵制，而后者因低调行事反而进展顺利。作为美国人，作者的字里行间反映出其心中的不忿，故正确答案为D。
涉及考点
2020翻译二级笔译综合能力考试大纲
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