Declining house prices, rising job layoffs, skyrocketing oil costs and a major credit crunch have
类型：学习教育
题目总量：200万+
软件评价：
下载版本
Interestingly, restraining our consumer spending, in the short term, may cause us to actually loosen the belts around our waists. What’s the connection? The brain has a limited capacity for self-regulation, so exerting willpower in one area often leads to backsliding in others. The good news, however, is that practice increases willpower capacity, so that in the long run, buying less now may improve our ability to achieve future goals like losing those 10 pounds we gained when we weren't out shopping.
The brain’s store of willpower is depleted when people control their thoughts, feelings or impulses, or when they modify their behaviors in pursuit of goals. Psychologist Roy Baumeister and others have found that people who successfully accomplish one task requiring self-control are less persistent on a second, seemingly unrelated task.
In one pioneering study, some people were asked to eat radishes while others received freshly baked chocolate chip cookies before trying to solve an impossible puzzle. The radish-eaters abandoned the puzzle in eight minutes on average，working less than half as long as people who got cookies or those who were excused from eating radishes. Similarly, people who were asked to circle every “e” on a page of text then showed less persistence in watching a video of an unchanging table and wall.
Other activities that deplete willpower include resisting food or drink, suppressing emotional responses, restraining aggressive or sexual impulses, taking exams and trying to impress someone. Task persistence is also reduced when people are stressed or tired from exertion or lack of sleep.
What limits willpower? Some have suggested that it is blood sugar, which brain cells use as their main energy source and cannot do without for even a few minutes. Most cognitive functions are unaffected by minor blood sugar fluctuations over the course of a day,but planning and self-control are sensitive to such small changes. Exerting self-control lowers blood sugar, which reduces the capacity for further self-control. People who drink a glass of lemonade between completing one task requiring self-control and beginning a second one perform equally well on both tasks, while people who drink sugarless diet lemonade make more errors on the second task than on the first. Foods that persistently elevate blood sugar,like those containing protein or complex carbohydrates, might enhance willpower for longer periods.
In the short term, you should spend your limited willpower budget wisely. It can be counterproductive to work toward multiple goals at the same time if your willpower cannot cover all the efforts that are required. Concentrating your effort on one or, at most, a few goals at a time increases the odds of success.
Focusing on success is important because willpower can grow in the long term. Like a muscle, willpower seems to become stronger with use. The idea of exercising willpower is seen in military boot camp, where recruits are trained to overcome one challenge after another.
No one knows why willpower can grow with practice, but consistently doing any activity that requires self-control seems to increase willpower and the ability to resist impulses and delay gratification is highly associated with success in life.
单选题第1题We can learn from the first two paragraphs that____ .
A.people have lost confidence in recession
B.willpower can be enhanced by self-regulation
C.strong willpower is needed to tighten the belts
D.recession causes people to restrain their spending
参考答案：D
答案解析：推断题。根据选项定位原文仔细比对后，只有D与第1段2句意义相符，即在经济衰退的背景下，许多美国家庭准备勒紧裤腰带。其他三个选项在这两段中并未提及或直接阐明。故D符合题意，为正确答案。
单选题第2题Which factor plays an essential role in restraining the desire to consume and losing weight?
A.Controlling impulses.
B.Modifying behaviors.
C.Tightening belts.
D.Increasing willpower capacity.
参考答案：D
答案解析：推断题。根据第2段第4句，实践有助于增强意志力，因此从长远来看，控制消费支出可以提高实现未来目标的能力比如减肥。由此可见，无论是减少开支还是减肥，最重要的还是靠意志力去实现，故选D (增强意志力)。
单选题第3题When people achieve their goals with self-control, they will ____.
A.have less willpower to accomplish another
B.become more aggressive and persistent
C.become less sensitive to their feelings
D.adjust their goals in a proper way
参考答案：A
答案解析：推断题。第3段第2句揭示了心理学家Roy Baumeister的发现：当人们凭借自我控制完成一项任务后，他们在应对下一项似乎无关的任务时，其坚持性会减弱。故选A(完成另外一项任务时意志力会减弱)。
单选题第4题From Paragraph 4, we can know that____ .
A.radish-eaters are less persistent than cookie-eaters
B.cookie-eaters are encouraged to solve the puzzle
C.people are less persistent when asked to watch a video
D.people’s poor performance is attributed to hunger
参考答案：A
答案解析：推断题。按选项定位第4段可知，radish-eaters和cookie-eaters均参与了智力游戏，由此可以排除B。实验结果是，前者8分钟内放弃了游戏，比后者少了一半时间，说明前者的坚持性不如后者，A符合题意，故为正确答案。D未提及，C少了前提条件，即之前己经完成了一项任务。
单选题第5题Various activities are mentioned in the passage to illustrate ___.
A.the symptom of willpower deficiency
B.the source of people's energy
C.the factors affecting willpower
D.the importance of persistence
参考答案：C
答案解析：推断题。通过语篇分析可知，第4段和第5段所提及的活动实际上是实例，用以支持第3段提出的观点，即当人们控制思想、情感或冲动时，或是为了追求目标而改变行为时，大脑中的意志力储存量会减少。由此可知正确答案为C(影响意志力的诸多因素)。A为强干扰项，但以上活动并非意志力缺乏的表现，而是其原因，故不符合题意。
单选题第6题Changes in the level of one’s blood sugar____ .
A.tend to have a great impact cm one’s emotional responses
B.underline the brain’s interaction with its social environment
C.cause brain cells to sustain cognitive functions
D.are more likely to be greater when the brain triggers willpower
参考答案：D
答案解析：推断题。本题的关键在于厘清血糖水平的变化4意志力强弱之间的关系。第6段对此做了详细解释：实施自我控制会降低血糖水平，血糖水平的降低会进一步削弱自我控制能力，换言之，消耗意志力会降低血糖水平，补充血糖有助于意志力的加强。故选D (当大脑激发意志力时，血糖水平的变化可能会更大)。
单选题第7题The word “odds” underlined in Paragraph 7 is a synonym of____.
A.likelihood
B.strength
C.mood
D.potency
参考答案：A
答案解析：语义题。根据上下文，可推出odds意为“可能性，概率”，故选A (可能性)。
单选题第8题The phrase ''military boot camp” underlined in Paragraph 8 tends to ____.
A.prove that exercising willpower to overcome challenges pays off
B.show how willpower grows when individuals surmount difficulties
C.state that military training is a valuable means of attaining group goals
D.explain how exercise leads to stronger muscles as well as greater willpower
参考答案：B
答案解析：推断题。第8段第2句表明，意志力与肌肉一样，需要通过锻炼得以强化。第3句通过举例说明这一道理，即军事训练营中的受训者通过战胜挑战来强化意志力。故选B (表明个人如何通过战胜困难以增强意志力)。A (证明锻炼意志力以战胜挑战是值得的)和D (解释锻炼如何使人获得更强壮的肌肉以及更强大的意志力)与原文语意略有出入，原文未提及attaining group goals，故C也不符合题意。
单选题第9题The word “gratification” underlined in Paragraph 9 means___ .
A.reacting to an impulse
B.satisfying a desire
C.taking a desirable action
D.exercising self-control
参考答案：B
答案解析：语义题。gratification意为“满足，满意”，故选B (满足愿望)。
单选题第10题What is the appropriate title of the passage?
A.Working Mechanism and Willpower Training
B.Strategies to Exert Limited Willpower Wisely
C.Relationship Between Willpower and Tasks
D.Importance of Persistence and Willpower
参考答案：A
答案解析：主旨题。此类题型可采用相关性和全面性两个标准来选择正确答案。纵观全文，作者主要阐述了两点：与意志力相关的因素，如血糖水平、食物、自我控制等;如何通过锻炼加强意志力。把本题的四个选项与这两点相比之后，可知最相关和全面的标题为A (机制原理及意志力训练)。B、C、D均只涉及一个方面，不够全面，故不符合题意。
涉及考点
2020翻译二级笔译综合能力考试大纲
二、阅读理解
相关题库
| 题库产品名称 | 试题数量 | 优惠价 | 免费体验 | 购买 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022年翻译二级《英语笔译综合能力》考试题库 | 1869题 | ￥98.00 | 免费体检 | 立即购买 |
你可能感兴趣的试题
- · After having been trapped underneath the mine for three查看答案
- · During Japan’s revolution in the 19th century,the Japanese denounced their own查看答案
- · I have redone the homework. Please review it again and return it back how I can fiirther improve it.查看答案
- · Public opinion is fickle and more so in a nation like ours where illiteracy 查看答案
- · Public opinion is fickle and more so in a nation like ours where illiteracy 查看答案
微信扫码关注焚题库
-
历年真题
历年考试真题试卷，真实检验
-
章节练习
按章节做题，系统练习不遗漏
-
考前试卷
考前2套试卷，助力抢分
-
模拟试题
海量考试试卷及答案，分数评估