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The researchers designed an experiment that could provide strong evidence that bonobos could give things to each other simply______(93) generosity - rather than being pressured into doing so, or expecting some sort of immediate payback. For their experiment, the researchers______(94) advantage of the fact______(95) the Lola Ya Bonobo apes have learned to crack open palm nuts with rocks.______(96) a rock, they have to gnaw on the nuts for a long time to get them out of their shell. The scientists put one bonobo in a cage with five nuts. In an adjacent cage, a______(97) bonobo - a stranger to the first one - had two rocks but no nuts. The cages were connected by a window. The bonobos were free to bring gifts to the window______(98) to each other - or to ignore their______(99). The researchers found that the bonobos with the nuts proved generous. In 18 percent of the trials, the bonobos with the nuts handed one through the window to their neighbor, a rate that showed their______(100)to give food to others. But the bonobos in the other cage almost______(101) returned the favor. They refused to pass one of their rocks through the window.
In______(102) experiment, Dr. Krupenye experienced their______(103) of generosity firsthand.Each bonobo would sit in a cage, with a mesh wall ______(104) in front of the door to the hallway. A colleague would ______(105) a stick into the cage near the bonobo and leave. Then Dr. Krupenye would come to the doorway and beg for the stick. He would reach ______(106) his arm, plaintively calling the bonobo’s name. The bonobos almost never handed Dr. Krupenye the stick. In fact,sometimes they seemed to tease him. “They will put it through the mesh a little bit and then pull it back when I’m trying to reach for it," said Dr. Krupenye.
The work of Dr. Krupenye and others makes______(107) clear that humans aren’t unique in their generosity. It’s possible that our common ancestor with bonobos and chimpanzees was already prosocial, at least______(108) a limited extent. This versatility may have______(109) early in our lineage, producing traits that encouraged more sharing. It leads______(110) to have generous inclinations without any coaching.
单选题第1题How generous is an ape? This generosity may have been______(91)
A.special
B.extraordinary
C.extreme
D.crucial
参考答案：D
答案解析：
单选题第2题______(92) lived in small bands of hunter-gatherers.
A.who
B.that
C.which
D.what
参考答案：A
答案解析：
单选题第3题The researchers designed an experiment that could provide strong evidence that bonobos could give things to each other simply______(93) generosity - rather than being pressured into doing so
A.because
B.out of
C.towards
D.from
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第4题For their experiment, the researchers______(94)
A.took
B.made
C.used
D.utilized
参考答案：A
答案解析：
单选题第5题advantage of the fact______(95) the Lola Ya Bonobo apes have learned to crack open palm nuts with rocks.
A.who
B.which
C.that
D.what
参考答案：C
答案解析：
单选题第6题______(96) a rock
A.With
B.Without
C.Have
D.Having
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第7题a______(97) bonobo - a stranger to the first one - had two rocks but no nuts.
A.other
B.another
C.second
D.first
参考答案：C
答案解析：
单选题第8题The bonobos were free to bring gifts to the window______(98)
A.to give
B.giving
C.given
D.gave
参考答案：A
答案解析：
单选题第9题to each other - or to ignore their______(99).
A.friend
B.neighbor
C.intimate
D.roommate
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第10题a rate that showed their______(100)to give food to others.
A.unwillingness
B.willingness
C.aptitude
D.preference
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第11题But the bonobos in the other cage almost______(101) returned the favor.
A.ever
B.usually
C.hardly
D.never
参考答案：D
答案解析：
单选题第12题In______(102) experiment
A.other
B.another
C.others
D.the others
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第13题Dr. Krupenye experienced their______(103) of generosity firsthand.
A.willingness
B.abundance
C.richness
D.lack
参考答案：D
答案解析：
单选题第14题with a mesh wall______(104) in front of the door to the hallway
A.hang
B.hangs
C.hung
D.hanging
参考答案：D
答案解析：
单选题第15题A colleague would______(105) a stick into the cage near the bonobo and leave.
A.slip
B.walk
C.run
D.step
参考答案：A
答案解析：
单选题第16题He would reach______(106) his arm
A.in
B.out
C.from
D.for
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第17题The work of Dr. Krupenye and others makes______(107) clear that humans aren’t unique in their generosity
A.that
B.this
C.it
D.what
参考答案：C
答案解析：
单选题第18题at least______(108) a limited extent
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.to
参考答案：D
答案解析：
单选题第19题This versatility may have ______ (109)early in our lineage
A.evolved
B.involved
C.evoked
D.invaded
参考答案：A
答案解析：
单选题第20题It leads______(110) to have generous inclinations without any coaching
A.toddlers
B.the teens
C.adults
D.the old
参考答案：A
答案解析：
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2020翻译三级综合能力考试大纲
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