According to UNICEF, around 564 million Indians, nearly half the population
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That spreads diseases and causes other public and personal problems.
It is no accident that “Toilet” opens with a beautifully lit scene of women trudging out of their village right before sunrise, each one carrying a little brass jug of water to wash with. They are traveling in a group for safety.
Rural women sometimes endure taunts and even sexual assault when they relieve themselves outdoors, so they travel in small groups, often before dawn, for protection.
“This is a real problem,” said Jagmati Sangwan, a women’s rights advocate. “So many women, especially landless women, face a lot of violence when they go to the bathroom outside."
Tb avoid being leered at during the day, some women hold on for hours for darkness to fall. Waiting that long can create health problems, particularly for pregnant women, who are highly susceptible to urinary tract infections, experts say.
A recent study found a troubling correlation between pregnant mothers who had no toilet facilities and low birth weight.
Not helping matters, hard-liners with the governing Bharatiya Janata Party, Or B.J.P, have photographed women who relieve themselves outside in an effort to shame them. Earlier this year, a man who stood up for such women was beaten to death.
Government officials say they have spent $4 billion to help install 50 million toilets so far, building community latrines and providing subsidies for people to put them in their homes. The Modi government runs a website bestowing on top-Performing villages a special "ODF" (Open Defecation Free) status.
Their efforts have earned praise abroad.Bill Gates, the billionaire co-founder of Microsoft, wrote on his blog: “I can’t think of another time when a national leader has broached such a sensitive topic so frankly and so publicly. Even better, Modi backed up his words with actions.”
But Mr. Modi’s detractors say there may be more emphasis on image than deed, and that in many areas party apparatchiks are so eager to fall in line with the prime minister’s directives that they are putting up latrines that are not connected to sewers or septic systems.
several businessmen in New Delhi said government agencies are in such a rush that they are awarding contracts left and right with little oversight and often to businesses that know nothing about sanitation. According to Indian news reports, countless rupees have disappeared in shady toilet deals.
Sanitation specialists say that with less than 5 percent of India’s nearly 8,000 cities and towns having sewage treatment plants, it is far from clear where all the waste will go.
“There’s a blind scramble to make a toilet, Whether it is usable or not,” said Bezwada Wilson, an official with the Sanitation Workers’Movement, an advocacy organization. “It has become a business, and resulted in the corporatization of the toilet.”
单选题第1题Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.Serious Problems Caused by Toilets in India
B.The corporatization of the toilet
C.Importance of Toilets for Women
D.Urgency to Build Toilets in India
参考答案：A
答案解析：
单选题第2题According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about the current situation of toilet problem in India?
A.Around 564 million Indians, nearly one third of the population, still defecate in the open - in fields, forests, next to ponds, along highway medians and on the beach.
B.Many women, even those with land, face a lot of violence when they go to the bathroom outside.
C.Government officials say they have spent $4 million to help install 50 million toilets.
D.Rural women travel in small groups, often before dawn, for protection when they relieve themselves outdoors.
参考答案：D
答案解析：
单选题第3题Which of the following is the measure taken by the Modi government?
A.It photographed women who relieve themselves outside in an effort to shame them.
B.It ran a website bestowing on top-Performing villages a special “ODF” status.
C.Their efforts have earned praise abroad.
D.It will spend $4 billion to help install 50 million toilets.
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第4题What does Bill Gates mean by saying, in Paragraph 10, “I can’t think of another time when a national leader has broached such a sensitive topic so frankly and so publicly. Even better, Modi backed up his words with actions”?
A.Bill Gates thinks there is no national leader can broach such a sensitive topic so frankly just like Modi, but he cannot keep his words.
B.Bill Gates thinks that the Modi government does as promised in terms of solving problems.
C.Bill Gates thinks that the Modi government is too frankly and publicly to back up his words with actions.
D.Bill Gates thinks that the Modi government is so frankly and publicly that he did not back up his words with actions.
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第5题According to the passage, Why are Mr. Modi’s detractors not optimistic about the efforts made by the Modi government?
A.They think there may be more emphasis on image than deed.
B.They think government agencies are in such a rush that they are awarding contracts left and right with little oversight and often to businesses that know nothing about sanitation.
C.They think that with less than 5 percent of India’s nearly 8,000 cities and towns having sewage treatment plants, it is far from clear where all the waste will go.
D.They think that the efforts made by the Modi government has become a business, and resulted in the corporatization of the toilet.
参考答案：A
答案解析：
单选题第6题According to the passage, Who made efforts to improve the condition of toilet in India?
A.Bill Gates
B.Several businessmen in New Delhi
C.The Modi government
D.Bharatiya Janata Party or
参考答案：C
答案解析：
单选题第7题According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A.The government builds toilets in people’s home free.
B.A recent study found a troubling correlation between pregnant mothers who had no toilet facilities and low birth weight.
C.Sanitation specialists say that with more than 5 percent of India’s nearly 8,000 cities and towns having sewage treatment plants.
D.Building toilets has become a business, which is a result of the corporatization of the toilet.
参考答案：B
答案解析：
单选题第8题Which of the following words can explain the meaning of the underlined word “susceptible” in Paragraph 6?
A.special
B.suspicious
C.sensitive
D.satisfied
参考答案：C
答案解析：
单选题第9题Which of the following is NOT the problem in the process of building toilets according to the passage?
A.Building toilets results in the corporatization of the toilet.
B.Countless rupees have disappeared in shady toilet deals.
C.A man who stood up for the women who have been shamed was beaten to death.
D.Party apparatchiks are so eager to agree with the prime minister’s directives that they do not really care the matter itself .
参考答案：C
答案解析：
单选题第10题This passage can most possibly be read in a ______.
A.newspaper
B.science magazine
C.novel
D.story book
参考答案：A
答案解析：
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