Especially in the Western world, it has long been widely assumed that a culture of
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单选题【2016年真题】Especially in the Western world, it has long been widely assumed that a culture of enlightenment of the sort that took hold in the West in the 18th century should transform all societies.
A.divide
B.separate
C.control
D.alter
参考答案：D
答案解析：（1）句子结构。
本句结构为 It （形式主语）has long been widely assumed （谓语）that a culture of enlightenment of the sort （that took hold in the West in the 18th century） should transform all societies （画线部分为逻辑主语，括号里的从句作a culture of enlightenment of the sort的定语）。
（2）选项词义。
A.divide v.划分；分开；使产生分歧
B.separate v.使分离；使分开；使分居
C.control v.控制；管理；抑制
D.alter v.改变；更改
句子大意为“长期以来，人们普遍认为18世纪西方盛行的启蒙文化将会对所有社会带来革新，这种看法在西方世界尤为盛行”。题干中的transform意为“使改变形态”“使改变外观（或性质）”，与选项中的alter词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。
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