2022考研《英语二》新题型精炼（二）

　　1、Mind wandering has long been thought of as the enemy of concentration,but that's not always true-the right kind of daydreaming can actually help you focus.Read on to discover how to take control of your wandering mind,and other simple ways to stay sharp when deadlines are looming.41.Research by Nilli Lavie at University College London has found that adding deliberate distractions-a jazzy border on a page or a bit of background noise-actually reduces distractibility.Her"load theory"proposes this works because attention is a limited resource,so ifyou fill all the attentional"slots"in your mind,it leaves no room for other distractions.42.The prospect of a treat can keep people focused,but only when it is well-timed,studies show.Offering people small rewards throughout a boring task didn't stop them from losing focus,but the promise of a larger reward that they would receive at the end of the task kept them alert.This approach probably works best with an accomplice to keep you from caving early,says Michael Esterman,at the Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory,who did the research 43.Stopping every now and again to give your mind a chance to wander can invigorate focus,says psychologist Paul Seli of Harvard University."If you say to yourself,now I'm going to think about something unrelated,maybe problem-solve something else that is on your mind,and then come back to your task,That can definitely be beneficial,"he says.44.You might think that an adrenaline boost would focus the mind,but stress actually stimulates the release of hormones,including noradrenaline(去甲肾上腺索),which bind to receptors in the cognitive control circuits.This in turn makes it harder for them to keep tabs on mind wandering.45.A lack of sleep hammers mental performance in general,and reduces our ability to resist both internal and external distractions.And there's an added bonus-sleep is also important for memory consolidation.In fact,recent research suggests that if you have an hour spare before an exam,a nap could be a more effective use of your time than spending it revising.41选?

　　A

　　Bribe yourself

　　B

　　Daydream during breaks

　　C

　　Get some breaks

　　D

　　De-stress

　　E

　　Give your mind more to do

　　F

　　Have a big meal

　　G

　　Test yourself regularly

　　正确答案：E

　　答案解析：该段落讲到，因为注意力是一种有限的资源，所以如果你把你大脑中所有的注意力“槽”都填满，它就不会为其他的干扰留下空间，故E项为正确选项。

　　2、Mind wandering has long been thought of as the enemy of concentration,but that's not always true-the right kind of daydreaming can actually help you focus.Read on to discover how to take control of your wandering mind,and other simple ways to stay sharp when deadlines are looming.41.Research by Nilli Lavie at University College London has found that adding deliberate distractions-a jazzy border on a page or a bit of background noise-actually reduces distractibility.Her"load theory"proposes this works because attention is a limited resource,so ifyou fill all the attentional"slots"in your mind,it leaves no room for other distractions.42.The prospect of a treat can keep people focused,but only when it is well-timed,studies show.Offering people small rewards throughout a boring task didn't stop them from losing focus,but the promise of a larger reward that they would receive at the end of the task kept them alert.This approach probably works best with an accomplice to keep you from caving early,says Michael Esterman,at the Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory,who did the research 43.Stopping every now and again to give your mind a chance to wander can invigorate focus,says psychologist Paul Seli of Harvard University."If you say to yourself,now I'm going to think about something unrelated,maybe problem-solve something else that is on your mind,and then come back to your task,That can definitely be beneficial,"he says.44.You might think that an adrenaline boost would focus the mind,but stress actually stimulates the release of hormones,including noradrenaline(去甲肾上腺索),which bind to receptors in the cognitive control circuits.This in turn makes it harder for them to keep tabs on mind wandering.45.A lack of sleep hammers mental performance in general,and reduces our ability to resist both internal and external distractions.And there's an added bonus-sleep is also important for memory consolidation.In fact,recent research suggests that if you have an hour spare before an exam,a nap could be a more effective use of your time than spending it revising.42选?

　　A

　　Bribe yourself

　　B

　　Daydream during breaks

　　C

　　Get some breaks

　　D

　　De-stress

　　E

　　Give your mind more to do

　　F

　　Have a big meal

　　G

　　Test yourself regularly

　　正确答案：A

　　答案解析：该段落讲到，在一项无聊的任务中给予人们小奖励并不能阻止他们注意力不集中，但是承诺在任务结束时给予他们更大的奖励能让他们保持警觉，故A项为正确选项。

　　3、Mind wandering has long been thought of as the enemy of concentration,but that's not always true-the right kind of daydreaming can actually help you focus.Read on to discover how to take control of your wandering mind,and other simple ways to stay sharp when deadlines are looming.41.Research by Nilli Lavie at University College London has found that adding deliberate distractions-a jazzy border on a page or a bit of background noise-actually reduces distractibility.Her"load theory"proposes this works because attention is a limited resource,so ifyou fill all the attentional"slots"in your mind,it leaves no room for other distractions.42.The prospect of a treat can keep people focused,but only when it is well-timed,studies show.Offering people small rewards throughout a boring task didn't stop them from losing focus,but the promise of a larger reward that they would receive at the end of the task kept them alert.This approach probably works best with an accomplice to keep you from caving early,says Michael Esterman,at the Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory,who did the research 43.Stopping every now and again to give your mind a chance to wander can invigorate focus,says psychologist Paul Seli of Harvard University."If you say to yourself,now I'm going to think about something unrelated,maybe problem-solve something else that is on your mind,and then come back to your task,That can definitely be beneficial,"he says.44.You might think that an adrenaline boost would focus the mind,but stress actually stimulates the release of hormones,including noradrenaline(去甲肾上腺索),which bind to receptors in the cognitive control circuits.This in turn makes it harder for them to keep tabs on mind wandering.45.A lack of sleep hammers mental performance in general,and reduces our ability to resist both internal and external distractions.And there's an added bonus-sleep is also important for memory consolidation.In fact,recent research suggests that if you have an hour spare before an exam,a nap could be a more effective use of your time than spending it revising.43选?

　　A

　　Bribe yourself

　　B

　　Daydream during breaks

　　C

　　Get some breaks

　　D

　　De-stress

　　E

　　Give your mind more to do

　　F

　　Have a big meal

　　G

　　Test yourself regularly

　　正确答案：B

　　答案解析：该段落讲到，如果你对自己说，现在我要好好想一些不相关的事情，也许是解决一些你脑海里正好想到的事情，然后回到你的任务上来。这肯定是有益的。故B项为正确选项。

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