2022考研《英语二》题型练习：翻译（二）

　　1、Several economists reckon that the brain-drain hypothesis fails to account for the effects of remittances, for the beneficial effects of returning migrants,and for the possibility that being able to migrate to greener pastures induces people to get more education.Some argue that once these factors are taken into account,an exodus of highly skilled people could turn out to be a net benefit to the countries they leave.Recent studies of migration from developing countries have found support for this”brain gain” idea.

　　The most obvious way in which migrants repay their homelands is through remittances.Workers from developing countries remitted a total of $325 billion in 2010， according to the World Bank.A skilled migrant may earn several multiples of what his income would have been had he stayed at home.A study found that the average emigrant earned almost $12,000 a year more in America than he would have done in his native land.

　　全文翻译：一些经济学家认为“人才外流”假说无法解释国际汇款效应，无法解释归国移民带来的良性效应，也无法解释这样一种可能性：移民到更富裕的国家或地区能够接受更多的教育。一些经济学家认为一旦把这些因素考虑进去，高技能人才外流也许对于他们离开的国家而言是一种净盈利。最近，对来自发展中国家移民的研究发现，这种“人才收获”论得到了支持。

　　移民回馈本国最明显的方式就是通过国际汇款。根据世界银行的数据显示，来自发展中国家的工作人员在2010年共计国际汇款3250亿美元。一名技术移民的收入是他待在自己国家收入的几倍。

　　一项研究发现普通移民在美国比在其本国平均一年多赚将近12000美元。

　　2、It is true that many skilled migrants have been educated and trained partly at the expense of their(often cash-strapped) governments.Some argue that poor countries should therefore rethink how much they spend on higher education.Indians,for example,often debate whether their government should continue to subsidize its elite engineering schools,when large numbers of graduates end up in Silicon Valley or on Wall Street.But a new study suggests that on average they transfer enough over their working lives to cover the amount spent on educating them several times over.The study finds that once remittances are taken into account,the cost of education would have to be 5.6 times the official figure to make it a losing proposition.

　　Migration may lead to a more productive pairing of people's skills and jobs.Some of the benefits of this improved match then flow back to the migrant’s home country,most directly via remittances.

　　全文翻译：的确，许多技术移民的一部分教育和培训成本是由他们的(通常财政困难的)政府来承担的。因此，一些人认为贫穷国家应该重新思考他们在高等教育上的花费。例如，当大量毕业生到硅谷或华尔街就业时，印度人经常就政府是否应该继续资助其精英工程学校展开讨论。但是一项新的研究表明，平均而言，这些技术移民在工作期间汇回的钱是他们教育成本的几倍。这项研究发现，一旦将国际汇款考虑在内，除非教育成本达到官方数据的5.6倍，否则它不会亏本。

　　移民可以使人们的技能和工作更有效地结合起来。然后，这种高效结合所带来的一些好处会回流到移民者的祖国，最直接的方式就是国际汇款。

　　3、The possibility of emigration may even have beneficial effects on those who choose to stay,by giving people in poor countries an incentive to invest in education.A study finds that an increase of ten percentage points in young peoples perceived probability of emigrating raises the probability of their completing secondary school by around eight points.Migrants can also affect their home country directly In a recent book,Devesh Kapur of the University of Pennsylvania argues that Indians in Silicon Valley helped shape the regulatory structure for India’s home-grown venture-capital industry.He also argues that these people helped Indian software companies break into the American market by vouching for their quality.Finally,migrants may return home,often with skills that would have been hard to pick up had they never gone abroad.The study of Romanian migrants found that returnees earned an average of 12~14% more than similar people who had stayed at home.

　　全文翻译：移民的可能性甚至可能对那些选择留在发达国家的人产生有益的影响，因为这会鼓励贫穷国家的人投资教育。一项研究发现，年轻人感知到的移民可能性每增加10个百分点，他们完成中学学业的可能性就会提高8个百分点左右。移民也能直接影响他们的祖国。宾夕法尼亚大学的德维什·卡帕在最近的一本书中指出，硅谷的印度籍员工帮助印度本土风险投资产业建立了监管架构。他还认为这些移民通过保证软件质量帮助印度软件公司打入美国市场。最终，移民可能会回到祖国，他们往往会拥有一些如果不出国就很难学到的技能。对罗马尼亚移民的研究发现，归国移民的收入比国内同行平均高出12~14%。

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