[单选题]We are defined by the decisions we make from the moment we wake up to when we fall asleep. Regardless of how ordinary or unimportant these emotions and decisions may seem， you must learn how to remove any potential unconscious bias from your choices. Thankfully， there are ways to eliminate these biases from your decision-making and action-taking， such as the following five strategies.
41.
Our judgments are often inaccurate because the brain relies on cognitive biases over hard evidence. Cognitive bias is the tendency to make irrational judgments in a consistent pattern. Numerous research has found that these biases force people to make poor and unreasonable decisions. Moreover， our unconscious biases are often so strong that they lead us to act in ways that are inconsistent with reason， as well as our values and beliefs. Awareness is the best way to beat these biases， so pay careful attention to how they influence you. And， you can only achieve that by knowing the different types of cognitive biases that can distort your thinking.
42.
What would happen if you decided to move forward in the opposite direction of what you originally chose? Gather the data you would need to defend this opposite view， and compare it to the data used to support your original decision. Afterward， you’ll want to reevaluate your decision based on the bigger data set. And don’t sweat it if your perspective isn’t complete. At least it’s more balanced.
43.
A while back， The Economist conducted a study that asked subscribers how they felt about the following three plans： $ 59 a year for an online-only subscription; $ 125 a year for print only; $ 125 a year for print and online. About 16 percent chose the first option，which was the online-only subscription. The third choice received the remaining 84 percent. That seems like a no-brainer since you would be getting both the print and online versions for the same price.
But when the publisher removed option B， 68 percent chose the cheapest option and demand for the full package—the sale the publisher most favored—dropped. What did this information show? The statistics demonstrated that irrelevant information—in this case， the obviously terrible option B—can have a huge influence on our decision making.
44.
One of the simplest and most effective ways to remove any bias from your decision-making is to solicit the advice or feedback from others. Ideally，you should turn to those you trust， like a family member， friend， business partner or mentor. These are the people who will offer honest and constructive criticisms pointing out any blind spots while helping you gain fresh points of view.
45.
Take a timeout and reflect on similar past scenarios. How did you make that decision? What obstacles did you have， and how did you overcome them? What was the outcome， and what did you learn? Answering these questions can help guide you in making the right decision. Furthermore，you could also use data to find a cost-effective way to handle customer service inquiries. That data can be used to determine which activities generated the most sales opportunities or help you review your team’s past performance. And， thanks to machine learning， analytics can make smart suggestions on how to schedule important events.
以上选项44题答案为()。
AWeigh the benefits of different options
BGo against your inclinations
CCollect data as much as possible
DSort the valuable from the worthless
EKnow and conquer your enemy
FSeek multiple perspectives
GReflect on the past
参考答案：F
[单选题]
Distance education is enrollment and study with an educational institution that provides lesson materials prepared in a sequential and logical order for study by students on their own.When each lesson is completed, the student mails or transmits the assigned work to the institution for correction, grading, comment, and subject matter guidance by qualified instructors.Corrected assignments are returned promptly to the student.This exchange provides a personalized student teacher relationship.If a student slows his or her pace or fails to send assignments, the school provides encouragement.Although some institutions provide employment placement information and assistance, no reputable school ever guarantees a job to graduates.
Distance education and self-study are different.Self-study materials provide no instructional service.Corrected assignments, examinations, and special help provided by a qualified facility are vital to a good learning situation.However, these are not part of self-study.There are many self-study courses and recordings available, and they may have value, but they clearly are not correspondence or distance education courses.Some institutions offer combination courses that provide training in residence for students who complete their distance education lessons.In service or on the job training is required or provided with other courses and is a feature of many vocational distance education programs.
Quality distance education institutions screen prospective students to that only those who can benefit from the courses are enrolled.while there are educational prerequisites for some the primary factors leading distance education courses.Because they provide alternative educational opportunities,distance education institutions try not to deny a prospective student the opportunity to succeed in a course--interest and experience are good indicators of future success Distance education courses vary greatly in scope,level,and length.Some have few lessons and require only weeks to complete while others have a hundred or more assignments requiring three or four years of conscientious study.Also, a wide variety of subjects is offered.Subjects include yacht design, accounting, medical transcription, nutrition, robotics, travel agent training gun repair, gem identification, computer programming, catering and cooking, and earning an entire high school diploma, just to name a few.
There is an increasing recognition of"distance education"and many colleges offer credit for their distance learning courses or accept some distance education credits of resident students working toward a degree.In fact, many distance education institutions award their own academic degrees.Acceptance of students and awarding of academic credit is the prerogative of the receiving academic institution.Also, the employing organization may set its own credit acceptance policies.
Distance education______.
Alies in that the majority of the students fail to pass examinations
Blies in that distance education provides instructional service
Cdistance education is helpful for personalized student-teacher relationship
Ddistance education is important to the modern society.
Ecan benefit from distance education, for a wide range of courses are available
Fcaters to a majority of students because the courses are flexible in scope, level, and length
Ghave more chances than before because the distance education is winning an increasing recognition.
参考答案：F
[单选题]In the 1930s,an American meat company came out with a spiced ham product sold in a can. Before long,Spam,as it was called,became ubiquitous. However,critics called it a food with “no nutritive or aesthetic value.” Now, some high-tech observers say that unsolicited E-mail is the electronic equivalent. (41)______
But, it's more than just aesthetically displeasing. "The big problem with spam is that it is a cost shifted medium, which is to say that the person who receives the E-mail has to pay for it," says Tom Geller, founder of the SpamCon Foundation, a coalition of marketers and computer users, who want to control the number of unsolicited messages that are sent over the Internet. (42)______
According to Tom Geller, some Internet service providers estimate that spam accounts for up to 10% of their operational costs. “Of course, they pass those operational costs on to you. The other problem with unsolicited E-mail is that when you send a piece of paper mail, you have to pay for it,” he says. “So, it doesn't pay for marketers to send out millions and millions of pieces. But with E-mail, since the senders don't pay for it, they tend to send it out in tens of millions. As a result, you end up with hundreds, possibly even thousands of unsolicited E-mails in your mail box, making E-mail essentially useless for you.”
Attempts have been made to control the volume. “There are legal regulations in at least five countries and at least 16 U.S. states,” says Mr. Geller. “The five countries that I know about are Denmark, Germany, Italy, Austria and Finland. (43)______ But the problem is that many spammers are using untraceable E-mail addresses and basically try to hide their origins so there's no way to tell them to stop.”
And Tom Geller says there isn't much the average Internet users can do about spam. “They can delete the message and curse, which is what I think most people do,” he says. “People who know a little bit more about anti-spam issues sometimes use the utility known as spam.cop, which is at spamcop.net. (44)______When the Internet service provider finds out that they are hosting a spammer, almost invariably they will kick them off because no Internet service provider wants a spammer on their system.”
(45)______“The first is technical. This is already happening,” he says. “A second way is through legal measures. When there are penalties for spamming and there are at least warnings that people realize that: I'm doing something illegal. I think that will keep many people who are not professional criminals from spamming, but I think that the third way that spam can be cut down is essentially for social and policy reasons, for more people to realize exactly how E-mail works and how it is a recipient-pays medium. I think that will cause a certain amount of peer pressure.”
请写出42题正确答案。
AWhile Tom Geller doesn't think that spam will ever be completely eliminated, he does believe that it could be cut down by a combination of three types of activities.
BThe new Office package is also closely linked to the Internet, and includes a feature called smart tags which permits word-processing documents to be connected directly to information stored on the Internet. And Office XP makes it easier to access E-mail.
CAccording to America Online, a major Internet service provider, approximately a third of the estimated 30 million E-mail messages sent each day can be classified as spam.
DLet’s say you want to organize an event, or a meeting. Right now you send out a bunch of E- mails back and forth, editing the things. It’s not very organized. Now you can easily create a web site where everybody goes to get the documents.
EThat’s a utility that lets you complain to the Internet service provider that allows the messages to be sent. Not the senders of the messages, but the person who gives them connectivity.
FMany of the laws in the United States are fairly weak. They say, for example, that when somebody send you spam you have to tell them to stop before the law kicks in.
GUnlike paper mail which is perfectly fine, and unsolicited phone calls which some people have problems with, but don't cost anything, when you receive E-mail it is taking up your computer resources and your bandwidth.
参考答案：G
[单选题]
Health care system has become a hot topic around the world recently，especially in America.Most people would be 1______ by the high quality of medicine 2______ to most Americans.There is a lot of specialization，a great deal of 3______ to the individual，a 4______ amount of advanced technical equipment，and 5______ effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 6______ in the courts if they 7______ things badly.
But the Americans are in a mess.The problem is the way 8______ health care is organized and 9______ .Contrary to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system.The private system has been joined by a large 10______ system，because private care was simply not 11______ the less fortunate and the elderly.
But 12______ with this huge public part of the system，which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollar-more than 10 percent of the U.S.Budget-large numbers of Americans are left out.These 13______ about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income 14______ by the government trying to make savings where it can.
The basic problem，however，is that there is no central control 15______ the health system.There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services，16______ what the public is able to pay.The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed.When faced with toothache，a sick child，or a heart attack，all the unfortunate persons 17______ can do is paying up.Two thirds of the population are 18______ by medical insurance.Doctors charge as much as they want 19______ that the insurance company will pay the bill.
The rising cost of medicine in the U.S. is among the most worrying problems 20______ the country. In 1981 the country’s health bill climbed 15.9 percent-about twice as fast as prices in general.
But 12______ with this huge public part of the system
Aeven
Bsince
Cwhen
Dhow
参考答案：A
[问答题]The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.(1)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.(2)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(3)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.(4)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(5)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
参考答案：
几百年来，法律研习在欧洲的大学中一直被认为是一门基础的知识学科。然而，只是在最近几年里它才成为加拿大大学本科课程的一个特色。(1)长久以来，法律学习在这些大学被视为律师们的专利，而不是受过教育的人所具备才智的必要组成部分。可喜的是，更为传统、更具欧洲大陆特色的法律教育观点正在一些加拿大大学中生根发芽，有些大学甚至已经开始授予法律学士学位。
如果法律研习正逐渐成为通识教育的重要组成部分，那么它的目标和方法应该会立即吸引新闻学教育者的关注。法律是一门鼓励人们进行负责任评判的学科。一方面，它为分析诸如公正、民主和自由这样的概念提供机会。(2)另一方面，它以一种方式把这些概念与日常生活联系起来，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是一样的。比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公众利益这样的概念在新闻判断和新闻制作过程中所起的作用就像在法庭上一样。通过学习与思考法律来提高判断力是记者为其职业生涯进行知识储备时应有的组成部分。
(3)但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更加深刻地理解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的既有惯例和特殊责任的理解。政治，或者更广泛地说，国家的运转，是新闻记者报道的一个主要内容。他们对国家运作的方式了解得越多，他们撰写的报道就越优秀。(4)事实上，很难想象那些没有清楚地了解加拿大宪法基本特征的新闻记者如何能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。
此外，法律体系以及其中发生的事件是记者报道的主要题材。虽然法律新闻报道的质量参差不齐，但许多记者都过分依赖律师给他们提供的诠释。(5)尽管律师的见解和反应会提高新闻报道的质量，但记者最好还是依靠自己对重要性的理解做出自己的判断。这些判断只能来自对法律体系的充分理解。
☛☛☛试题来源于华课网校焚题库，进入2022年研究生考试练习题库>>>更多考研试题(每日一练、模拟试卷、历年真题、易错题)等你来做!
扫码进入考研交流群
☟☟☟
责编：hym
相关文章
报考指南
- 考研真题
- 模拟试题
- 考研备考