2019年考研英语精选练习题(9)

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1 __ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3 __ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.__4__ , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5 __ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.

　　The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, __9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and __10__ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may __12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.

　　Divorce is legal and easy to __14__ ,but not common. Divoreced persons are __15__with some disapproval. Each spouse retains __16__ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__ the woman must wait ten months.

　　1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to

　　[标准答案] [C] as well as

　　[考点分析] 逻辑关系

　　[选项分析] 因为考查逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：空格处身处大环境not only…but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”，该空后面的those指代前文出现的“parents and friends”，显然“the young man”与“the young woman”为并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”，所以答案只能是[C]项as well as 也，又。[A]项by way of 通过，[D]项with regard to 关于，[B]项on behalf of 代表。

　　2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on

　　[标准答案] [D] decide on

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义

　　[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是[D]项decide on“决定”，表示自己决定自己的配偶。[B]项provide for为……提供准备……，provide为及物动词，直接跟宾语，不需要加介词;[C]项compete with“与……竞争”，[A]项adapt to“适用”。

　　3. [A] close [B] remew [C] arrange [D] postpone

　　[标准答案] [C] arrange

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

　　[选项分析] 该句意思为：他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____婚姻谈判。四个选项中，[A]项close 关闭;[B]项renew 更新，恢复;[D]项postpone 推迟;这三项语义不正确，只有[C]项arrange“安排”符合语境。

　　4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example

　　[标准答案] [B] In theory

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义

　　[选项分析] 逻辑判断题主要是看前后两句的含义，前面说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排婚姻谈判，或者完全由父母选择对象，不给孩子选择的机会。”空格后面说“女方可以否决她父母所选择的对象。”这两句之间显然是相反的关系，且有一个may，更证明[B]项In theory“理论上说”的正确性，而其他选项[A]项Above all最重要的是，[C]项In time 准时，[D]项For example举例，均不符合题意。

　　5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless

　　[标准答案] [C] After

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义

　　[选项分析] 根据下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other…”可知，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查对方，显然表达的是时间先后顺序，所以只有after才对。其他选项[A]项Although 尽管， [B]项Lest 以免，唯恐，[D]Unless 除非，否则都不符合题意。

　　6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through

　　[标准答案] [A] into

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词辨析

　　[选项分析] 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配及句意理解。这里marry into就是指“通过婚姻得到[成为]……的一员”，而其他选项均没有这层含义。

　　7. [A] since [B] or [C] but [D] so

　　[标准答案] [C] but

　　[考点分析] 逻辑关系

　　[选项分析] 根据上文“以前婚礼会持续三天”，出处句子意为“到了20世纪80年代，婚礼只持续一天半”，显然与前文发生转变，为对比关系，因此选择[C]项but 但是。

　　8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create

　　[标准答案] [C] recite

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

　　[选项分析] 空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，[C]项recite 有“吟诵、朗诵”的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“吟诵祝福的祈祷文”。

　　9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying

　　[标准答案] [D] tying

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

　　[选项分析] 本题需要根据上下文语义分析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉线”，纵观四个选项[A]项 折叠，[B]项 堆积，[C]项 包裹，[D]项 系上，根据后文的“around the bride’s and groom’s wrists 在新郎和新娘的腰间”，只有[D]项“将在圣水中浸过的棉线系在新郎和新娘的腰间”符合句意。

　　10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving

　　[标准答案] [A] passing

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

　　[选项分析] 原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文“around a circle”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”，故[A]项“传递”为正确选项。[B]项 点亮，[C]项 隐藏，[D]项 服务。

　　11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union

　　[标准答案] [D] union

　　[考点分析] 名词辨析

　　[选项分析] 本句语义为“将蜡烛绕着幸福完婚和受人尊敬的夫妻传递一圈来祝福 ”，[D]项 结合，引申为“婚姻”之意;根据语境，[D]项正确。

　　12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live

　　[标准答案] [D] live

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

　　[选项分析] 本题比较简单。根据语义“根据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父母____一年”，[D]项“生活”为最佳答案。[C]项 交易，[B]项 分开，[A]项 成长。

　　13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for

　　[标准答案] [B] until

　　[考点分析] 时间逻辑关系

　　[选项分析] 本句意为“_____他们在附近建造一栋新房子”，[A]项 然而，[B]项 直到，[D]项因为，[C]项 如果，结合前文“新婚夫妇根据传统要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在一定的时间关系，[B]项“直到”最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。

　　14. [A] avoid [B] follow [C] challenge [D] obtain

　　[标准答案] [D] obtain

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

　　[选项分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common. 该句句意为“离婚是合法的，且相对容易____。”[A]项avoid避免，[B]项follow跟随，[C]项challenge挑战，质疑，[D]项obtain获得，实现。根据关键词“legal”可知这里表达的是正面的意思，再根据句意选择[D]项。

　　15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed

　　[标准答案] [C] viewed

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

　　[选项分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. 离婚的人 一些不认可。本段第一句提到“离婚是合法的且相对容易得到批准，但是不常见。”这句其实是在说明离婚并不常见的原因，[A]项isolated孤立，[B]项persuaded劝说，[C]项viewed看待，[D]项exposed接触，受到……的影响，[C]项最符合句意。

　　16. [A] whereever [B] whatever [C] whenever [D] however

　　[标准答案] [B] whatever

　　[考点分析] 关系代词辨析

　　[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage. 17小题四个选项都是动词，所以该句意思为：夫妇双方保有财产，这个财产是他或她进婚姻的。结合[A]项 whereever“无论何地;任何(地方)=any place where(定从)”;[B]项 whatever“无论什么;任何(东西)=anything that/any+N that”;[C]项 whenever无论何时;任何时间=any time when;[D]项 however无论如何;无论多么。根据语义，这里应该不是让步的关系，而且填的这个词还要能修饰property。因此，选择[B]项，等于retains any property that he or she……。

　　17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed

　　[标准答案] [B] brought

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

　　[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage，结合[A]项 changed“改变”，[B]项 brought “带来”，[C]项 shaped“形成”，[D]项 pushed“推，逼迫”。结合语境只有[B]项符合句意，意为“把财产带入婚姻”。

　　18. [A] invested [B] divided [C] donated [D] withdrawn

　　[标准答案] [B] divided

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

　　[选项分析] ...and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. 结合[A]项invested投资;[B]项divided分配;分开;[C]项donated 捐赠;[D]项withdrawn撤出，提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被(夫妻双方)平分，因此选择[B]项。

　　19. [A] warms [B] clears [C] shows [D] breaks

　　[标准答案] [C] shows

　　[考点分析] 动词固定搭配

　　[选项分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. 该句语义为离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见 。[A]项warm up加热，热身;[B]项clear up(天气)变晴，收拾，消除;[C]项show up显现;[D]项break up分裂，分开;根据句意，选择[C]项。

　　20. [A] while [B] so that [C] once [D] in that

　　[标准答案] [A] while

　　[选项分析] 上下文语义

　　[考点分析] 本句句意为：离婚的男性再婚不需要等待期，女性必须等十个月。显然前后两句存在转折关系，只有[A]项while“然而”能够表达这个意思。

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

　　The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

　　Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

　　The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

　　The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

　　The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

　　In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

　　Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

　　21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

　　[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.

　　[B] New runways would be constructed.

　　[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.

　　[D] The fashion industry would decline.

　　【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined

　　【解析】 推断题。根据France定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国决定时装业失去了定义(define)形体美(physical beauty)的绝对权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律，雇用超瘦的模特属于犯罪，议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食“鼓动过度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他们建议美丽不应该以伤害身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”由此可知，法国通过立法手段来改变法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即[A]项的“形体美将会被重新定义”，是对原文内容的合理推断。[B]项“将会建造新的舞台”，[C]项“有关节食的网站将会兴起”，[D]项“时装业将会衰退”，均不能从文中推测出来，属于“无中生有”。

　　22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____

　　[A] heightening the value of.

　　[B] indicating the state of.

　　[C] losing faith in.

　　[D] doing harm to.

　　【答案】 [D] doing harm to

　　【解析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他们建议美丽不应该以 身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”impinging on后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句“对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死——正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推测出这一短语在这里的意思为“侵犯，伤害”，[D]项“对……有害”正确。[A]项“增强了……的价值”，[B]项“反映了……的状态”，[C]项“对……失去信心”均不符合句意。

　　23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

　　[A] The French measures have already failed.

　　[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.

　　[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.

　　[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

　　【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

　　【解析】细节题。根据第五段第二句话“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麦，它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准……”，可知[B]项“在丹麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替换。[A]项“法国的措施失败了”;[C]项“不再有来自同行执法的压力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，属于“正反混淆”;[D]项“它固有的问题变得更严重了”，文中第五段只提及时装业有固有的问题，并未提及“变得更严重”，属于“无中生有”。

　　24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

　　[A] setting a high age threshold for models.

　　[B] caring too much about models’ character.

　　[C] showing little concern for health factors.

　　[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

　　【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors

　　【解析】推断题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝”，根据关键词CFW可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，且一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且应该对此承担责任，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周(CFW)。因此[C]项的“不关心健康因素”符合题意，为正确答案。[D]项“追求完美的身体状况”，[B]项的“过多关注模特的性格”，[A]项“设定了一个模特高龄门槛”，均不符合题意。

　　25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

　　[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

　　[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

　　[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

　　[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，时装业已经失去了定义女性身体之美的绝对权力，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。第二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表，更不能以牺牲健康为代价，时装业应该为传递给女性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更多的是依靠严厉的惩罚。最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然不同的措施。纵观全文，文章主要在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”是对原文的“高度概括”。