教师招聘考试：中小学英语基础知识资料（12）_第2页

　　1?　要了解阅读测试的重点

　　如上所述，阅读过程是一个综合作用的过程，为此阅读的测试就不能仅将着眼点放在语言结构的测试上，而是通过看，通过阅读获取信息的能力。　在阅读一篇文章 时，我们首先会想到：①　文章说的是什么事情(即中心思想是什么)。②　事情发生的时间、地点、人物是什么。③　作者所持态度如何。④　结论是什么。　有 些说明性信息在文章中容易获取，如：时间、数字、地点、人物等。有些信息如作者的态度，事件的结论，中心思想，文章的标题，则需通过文中线索，说明信息等 等去分析推断才能获取。而这些说明性及内隐性的信息正是阅读理解的测试重点内容。而其难点在于理解、推断、得出结论时，应从英语国家的风俗习惯、语言习 惯、宗教信仰、*****等方面来考虑，而不是仅从中国人的语言习惯来作推论。这也是这方面的难点之一。

　　例： John drove a taxi through the busy streets of Boston every day?John was ?____________

　　A?　a manager B?　a driver C?　a policeman D?　a dustman

　　由此我们应能由drive a taxi 来得出结论约翰是位出租车司机而不是别的什么人。

　　例：Mrs Barker's sister was ill?　She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday， but not at the weekend， so every Friday evening Mrs Baker used to go off to spend the weekend at her home in a neighboring town…　This meant that Mr?　Baker … First he had to drive home from the station?　Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train?　Who was ill? ____________ ?

　　A?　Mr?Baker B?　Mrs Baker

　　C?　Mr?　Baker's sister D?　Mrs Baker's sister

　　从这些只言片语中可以看出有三个人物出场，而问题的设计是表浅的，只要细心即可。

　　[答案] D.

　　从中考阅读命题中，由于考虑到考生的能力有限，和大部分学生毕业的要求，语言结构的测试占很大一部分比重。但对于要考入重点中学的学生来讲，仅仅几分较高要求的题目可能会决定他们的升学命运。因为这一部分分值是往往使学生棘手的那些隐性问题的测试。如：

　　Like many other families in 1870， Katie Olson and her family had come to the grassy plains of Kansas?　Katie liked the prairie and their new sold house?　But with no friends to play with， she was very lonely?　Besides her mother and father， she had only her little brother， Matt， for company?　She missed their old home in Wisconsir?　　Then one day her father had exciting news?　Some settlers had bought the farm near the Olson's land?　Katie became so excited on hearing the news that she thought she might burst?　She begged her father to let her ride over with him to greet their new neighbors?　The two rode across the prairie?　They found Mr?　and Mrs Laski were hard at working building their sod home?　Katie was disappointed?　She had hoped there would be some children to play with?　But soon Mr Laski called out?" Anna， and Carl,　come out of the wagon?" A boy and a girl?　jumped down and came over to Katie?　Katie didn't believe it?　Her wish had come true?

　　1?　 Who was the most important person in the story?

　　A?　Matt B?　Katie C?　Mr Laski D?　Anna and Carl

　　2?　 What was Katie's problem in the story?

　　A?　She had no friend. B?　She didn't like Kansas.

　　C?　She couldn't ride a horse. D?　She didn't like Anna and Carl.

　　从上文中看，信息的获得不是直接的，而是必须通过整个文章的阅读，理清人物关系，掌握中心思想，才能作出正确的判定。如第一问故事中人物众多，但一直到读 完才知，故事讲述了一个女孩Katie的事情。则她是故事的中心，所以应选择B?　第二问是测试通过阅读是否了解了人物的心理情绪。这些信息必须通过线 索，综合判定，从而其结论是A。

　　2?　阅读理解的解题思路和方法

　　阅读理解的测试点是在通过由于阅读所能够获取信息的能力上，所以解题思路的重点应放在：

　　(1) 通读全文，了解文章的主题和大意;了解作者的写作目的、对事件的态度上。

　　People sometimes change their way of doing business?　In a village in Africa， people are using money for the first time?　They're doing business with the world? 　Before this tribe (部落) used money， people came to the market in the village to trade (交易) things they had for things they needed?　Now people must use money to buy what they want?　Before using money， people helped one another?　Their father who was head of the family， gave food， and clothing to his sons and their families?　In return， the sons worked for their father?　Now people no longer work for one another free?　Instead， they are paid for the work they do?　When a new road was needed. Everyone in the village helped build it,　Now people must pay money to the village chief (首领) for roads and schools?　The chief hires workers to build these new projects?　More and better roads and schools are being built?It is not easy for people to change a way of doing business?　To change from trading goods to using money takes time?

　　①　 The story doesn't say so， but it makes you think that ____________.

　　A?　family members often quarrel (争吵) about money

　　B?　Africans do not change their way of doing business

　　C?　Africans refuse to use money

　　D?　families do not help one another in the same way now

　　[答案] D.

　　②　 On the whole this story is about ____________ ?

　　A?　the life of some Africans

　　B?　changing from goods to using money

　　C?　people helps one another

　　D?　building roads across Africa

　　[答案] B.

　　从以上的问题看，所设提问均不是对某个具体事实。而是真对整篇文章，由此可见通读全文，掌握中心和作者的态度的重要性。

　　(2) 要注重文句间的相互关系。既注重主要情节又不可忽视细节。中考中阅读命题很多情况下是对事件的某个细节而进行测试的。

　　例：… on Saturday afternoon they began with the back of the house?　The next Saturday Tom went to a football match while his wife painted the front of the house?　The next day they found they couldn't open any of the front windows?　They get them open at last， but they broke three of the seven and they were very expensive to repair

　　①?　 They lasted for about ______ days?

　　A?　two B?　three

　　C?　more than seven D?　Less than seven

　　[答案] A.

　　②?　 They had to get someone to make repair for ______ windows?

　　A?　seven B?　four C?　ten D?　three

　　[答案] D.

　　第一问中，如不分析第一句和第二句中的两个 Saturday， 很可能会选择答案C。事实上，他们只干了两个 Saturday， 而不是从这个星期六到下个星期六的7天时间。而第二问是他们弄坏了所有7个窗户中的3个，所以应选D。

　　(3) 特别注意首尾句在整个文章中的作用，以及它起到的启示和结论性作用。

　　例： Man has a big brain?　He can think， learn and speak…　…but no animal learns when we speak? Scientists do not really know?　They only know that man can speak because he has a big brain?

　　这篇文章只要我们注意了首尾句，即可得出结论，它是讲述人类大脑与语言的关系的。人脑的其中一个作用是使他拥有语言，也就是和动物 apes， dogs 有了根本的区别。这样这篇文章的许多细节可以迎刃而解了。

　　①?　 In what way are men different from animals?

　　A?　Men can understand things quickly.

　　B?　Men can learn.

　　C?　Men have learned language.

　　D?　Men have brains.

　　[答案] C.

　　②?　 Scientists now know ?______

　　A?　how children learn to speak

　　B?　why apes can learn a few words

　　C?　men's brain helps him to learn to speak

　　D?　what happens when men speak

　　[答案] C.

　　③?　 What is the topic the writer wants to talk about?

　　A?　ape's language

　　B?　men's brain and language

　　C?　human brain

　　D?　animals' learning

　　[答案] B.

　　以上只是做阅读练习中的一般分析，要取得优异成绩，还有赖于扎实的阅读基础和语言能力，以及平时的技巧训练和刻苦练习。要坚持每天至少读三四篇文章，以逐步提高自己的英语水平。

 

　　(二) 例题解析

　　通读下面短文，掌握其大意。然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。

　　Once there was a clever farmer?　Though he was poor， he decided one day to take the king a roast goose (烤鹅) as a present?　He had not had ____ 1 ____to cat that day， and soon the ____ 2 ____ of the roast goose became too much for him as (当……时) he ____ 3 ____ it to the king， so he ate one of its legs?　When he came before the king and gave him the goose， the king ____ 4 ____ saw that it had only one leg?　Now， the king ____ 5 ____ was born with one bad leg， so he had never been able to ____ 6 ____ properly (正常地)?　When he saw the goose with only one leg， he thought the farmer had ____ 7 ____ this to laugh at him?　Of course he was very ____ 8 ____ ?　The farmer was told that if anybody laughed at the king， he would be ____ 9____ at once?　"Where is ____ 10 ____ leg of the goose?" the king asked?　" All the geese (goose 的复数) in this ____ 11 ____ of the country have one leg only， " the farmer answered?　"Do you think I'm a fool(傻子)?" the king shouted?　"____ 12 ____ ，" said the farmer， "if you look out of the window， you will see geese with one leg by the ____ 13____ ?"　The king looked， and there the geese were ____ 14 ____ on one leg beside the water?　The king at once told one of his men to ____ 15 ____ them with a big stick， and of course， they ____ 16 ____ their other legs and ran away?　"There， " said the king?　" You were lying(说谎)?　That ____ 17 ____ that the geese here have two legs， like all other ____ 18 ____ in the country?"　"But it doesn't show anything，" answered the farmer， "if your men threw a big stick like that at me， I would grow two ____19 ____ legs myself to help me to run away ____ 20 ____ ?"

　　1?　A?　less B?　all C?　little D?　much

　　2?　A?　head B?　neck C?　smell D?　temperature

　　3?　A?　returned B?　carried C?　sent D?　handed

　　4?　A?　at once B?　at last C?　by then D?　on time

　　5?　A?　once B?　really C?　himself D?　yet

　　6?　A?　come B?　walk C?　see D?　eat

　　7?　A?　kept B?　done C?　made D?　found

　　8?　A?　sorry B?　worried C?　sad D?　angry

　　9?　A?　helped B?　killed C?　saved D?　covered

　　10?　A?　other B?　another C?　that D?　the other

　　11?　A?　city B?　village C?　farm D?　part

　　12?　A?　Certainly not B?　Of course C?　That's nothing D?　Never mind

　　13?　A?　hole B?　forest C?　lake D?　house