2018年3月3日雅思阅读考试回忆及解析

2018年3月3日雅思阅读考试回忆及解析

　　一、考试概述：

　　本次考试的阅读部分共三篇文章，其中2篇为新题。第一篇讲了吉他的历史，从起源、考古，各个地方引进之后的发展，有几根弦，用什么材料等方面。第二篇讲解了植物靠自己散发化学物质保护自己，还有两个或多个植物之间相互影响和支持。第三篇讲了一篇研究报告，研究一群小男孩在特定比赛环境里分成两队的竞争意识。

　　二、具体题目分析

　　Passage 1：

　　题目：吉他的历史

　　题型：判断题6+图表填空题7

　　题号：旧题

　　背景资料相关参考：

　　While the precise lineage of the instrument is still unclear, historians believe that the guitar is the descendant of the Greek kithara, gittern, lyre, European and Middle Eastern lutes, and the Spanish vihuela. The poem The Book of Good Love {circa 1330} describes two early instruments, guitarra morisca and guitarra latina.Then came out, with a strident sound, the two-stringed Moor’s gittern,High-pitched as to its range, as to its tone both harsh and bold;Big-bellied lute which marks the time for merry, rustic dance;And Spanish guitar which with the rest was herded in the fold.

　　Instruments called "guitars" were first mentioned in literature in the 13th century, though many of these medieval records describe instruments that in modern times are classified as gitterns. The first incarnation of what is now called the guitar first appeared during the Renaissance. The Renaissance guitar contained four pairs of strings called courses. The Renaissance guitar shared most similarities with the Spanish vihuela, a six-coursed instrument with similar tuning and construction. Juan Bermudo in 1555 published Declaración de Instrumentos Musicales, a treatise containing a section on plucked string instruments. This publication examined the relationship between the guitar and vihuela, and also differentiated between four- and five-course guitars. The five-course guitar did not phase out the four-course instrument until the Baroque period.

　　The vihuela became popular in Spain and Italy and remained common until the late 16th century. This instrument appears to have had a strong influence in the design and tuning of the early five-course guitars that first appeared in Spain in the middle of the sixteenth century. These five-course guitarras replaced the four-course Renaissance instruments, particularly in Spain. The guitarra set the modern standard tuning – A, D, G, B, E – for the top five strings that continues to this day. The number of frets on the guitar was increased from eight to ten and eventually to twelve. Later, it was in Italy that a sixth course became commonplace and this was an easily done by replacing or reworking the nut and bridge to plug in another tuning peg hole for the sixth string. An ornate guitar made by a Joakim Thielke (1641–1719) of Germany was altered in this way and became a success.

　　From the mid-18th century through the early 19th century, the guitar evolved into a six-string instrument, phasing out courses by preference to single strings. These six-string guitars were still smaller than the modern classical guitar.

　　答案：

　　1.F

　　2. T

　　3. NG

　　4.NG

　　5. T

　　6. F

　　7. charter

　　8. body

　　9. volume

　　10. America

　　11. Steel

　　12. pickups

　　13. Gibson

　　(答案仅供参考)