2017年12月9日雅思阅读机经预测题库及答案解析

　　文章题目 The history of Russian Ballet

　　重复年份 20160114 20150418 20121124

　　题材 发展史

　　题型 判断 6+填空 7

　　芭蕾舞发源于意大利，从 17 世纪后传入俄国后一直欣欣向荣。出了很多优秀的艺术家和作品，外国舞派也对俄国芭蕾舞发展有着影响。后期以戏剧味发展主流，一直讲到本世纪 70 年代的发展。

　　参考阅读： Until 1689, ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn't until the rise of Peter the Great that Russian society opened up to the West. St. Petersburg was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow’s isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment, but as a “standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized-an idealized way of behaving. The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians, but to create a cultivated and new Russian people.

　　Empress Anna, (1730 – 1740) was devoted to ostentatious amusements (balls, fireworks, tableaux), and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of JeanBaptiste Landé as dancing-master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738, he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school, launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia, and winning the patronage of elite families

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　　文章题目 The importance of being playful

　　重复年份 20150129 20140426 20130110

　　题材 人文社科

　　题型 段落信息配对 6+填空 3+人名观点配对 3

　　自由游戏。开篇讲 free play 的 general idea。然后讲了小孩 free play 的好处，之后由相关的动物实验以及 4 个从动物实验中得出的理论和观点。

　　文章题目 The tuatara-past and future

　　重复年份 20151024 20141018 20120331

　　题材 动物

　　题型 判断 4+填空 5+选择 4

　　新西兰蜥蜴生活习性的地特性，数量不断减少。减少的原因和采取的措施，但效果未知。新西兰一个机构正致力于保护，并且越来越多的人加入栖息地进行保护。通过历史的发现以及各个科学家的研究，说明谁最先到岛上生存，最后说将来给后代留下的不仅仅是动物。

　　参考阅读： Tuatara are reptiles endemic to New Zealand. Although resembling most lizards, they are part of a distinct lineage, the order Rhynchocephalia. Their name derives from the Māori language, and means "peaks on the back" The single species of tuatara is the only surviving member of its order, which flourished around 200 million years ago. Their most recent common ancestor with any other extant group is with the squamates (lizards and snakes). For this reason, tuatara are of great interest in the study of the evolution of lizards and snakes, and for the reconstruction of the appearance and habits of the earliest diapsids, a group of amniote tetrapods that also includes dinosaurs, birds, and crocodilians

　　Tuatara are greenish brown and grey, and measure up to 80 cm (31 in) from head to tail-tip and weigh up to 1.3 kg (2.9 lb) with a spiny crest along the back,especially pronounced in males. Their dentition, in which two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlap one row on the lower jaw, is unique among living species. They are even more unusual in having a pronounced photoreceptive eye, the "third eye", which is thought to be involved in setting circadian and seasonal cycles. They are able to hear, although no external ear is present, and have a number of unique features in their skeleton, some of them apparently evolutionarily retained from fish. Although tuatara are sometimes called "living fossils", recent anatomical work has shown that they have changed significantly since the Mesozoic era. While mapping its genome, researchers have discovered that the species has between five and six billion base pairs of DNA sequence.

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　　文章题目 Voynich manuscript

　　重复年份 20120519 20090627

　　题材 考古

　　题型 判断+人名配对+填空+选择

　　文章大意 伏尼契手稿的由来，一本无字天书。关于一本放在耶鲁大学图书馆的神秘的书，里面有一堆神秘的符号，整个文章说了很多人对于写符号的不同看法。

　　参考阅读： The Voynich manuscript is an illustrated codex hand-written in an unknown writing system. The vellum on which it is written has been carbondated to the early 15th century (1404–1438), and it may have been composed in Northern Italy during the Italian Renaissance.The manuscript is named after Wilfrid Voynich, a Polish book dealer who purchased it in 1912.

　　Some of the pages are missing, with around 240 remaining. The text is written from left to right, and most of the pages have illustrations or diagrams. Some pages are foldable sheets

　　The Voynich manuscript has been studied by many professional and amateur cryptographers, including American and British code breakers from both World War Iand World War II.[19] No one has yet succeeded in deciphering the text, and it has become a famous case in the history of cryptography. The mystery of the meaning and origin of the manuscript has excited the popular imagination, making the manuscript the subject of novels and speculation. None of the many hypotheses proposed over the last hundred years has yet been independently verified.

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　　文章题目 Gesture

　　重复年份 20150711 20120712 20100211 20071020 20070303

　　题材 人文社科

　　题型 小标题 6+段落细节配对 5+选择 3

　　文章大意 讲了手势研究。开始用电话铃声作比喻说手势为什么大家都看得懂，后面讲到手势的个体差异，文化差异，包括各国的举例。

　　参考阅读： Gestures have been studied throughout the centuries from different perspectivesDuring the Roman Empire, Quintilian studied in his Institution Oratoria how gesture may be used in rhetorical discourse. Another broad study of gesture was published by Englishman John Bulwer in 1644. Bulwer analyzed dozens of gestures and provided a guide on how to use gestures to increase eloquence and clarity for public speaking.] Andrea De Jorio published an extensive account of gestural expression in 1832. A peer reviewed journal Gesturehas been published since 2001 and was founded by Adam Kendon and Cornelia Müller. The International Society for Gesture Studies (ISGS) was founded in 2002