雅思阅读备考：分词

　　1. A homeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire.

　　2. Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbing together, his face red.

　　3. Facing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most of the city is built on islands.

　　4. He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age.

　　5. Freed from TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.

　　6. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses.

　　7. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and English.

　　8. The materials used – copper, stainless steel, concrete and glass- give the building a striking beauty.

　　9. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.

　　10. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.

　　11. Registering for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buying books, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.

　　12. Spending all their time working to a rigid curriculum, the passing of examinations by their pupils gradually became the whole object of their working life.

　　13. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.

　　14. They also bring together in one display a group of object drawn from various parts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole life-style of a region or a historical period.

　　15. The problem is how museums can continue to serve as storehouses for treasures while encouraging public to enjoy visiting them.

　　1.

　　A homeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：can get。句子主干是：A homeowner can get hurt。trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire是一个现在分词结构，在句中作条件状语，修饰谓语动词. Try to do something是一个固定用法，表示“试图，试着做某事” 。

　　翻译

　　如果业主在电气火灾中使用了错误的灭火器，可能会受伤。

　　2.

　　Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbing together, his face red.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：was staring。trying to think是一个现在分词短语作伴随方式状语，表示主语Bolenciecwcz在staring的同时还在trying to think。同时，后面的两个独立主格结构his huge hands rubbing together和his face red也是伴随方式状语。

　　翻译

　　伯伦西维茨盯着地面，试图思考，他搓着大大的双手，脸色通红。

　　3.

　　Facing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most of the city is built on islands.

　　结构

　　全句有2个谓语动词：is和is built。整个句子由两个完整的单句组成。句首的现在分词短语Facing the Atlantic在句子中作方式状语。

　　翻译

　　它面临大西洋，坐落于美国的东北海岸线，其城市的大部分建设在岛屿上。

　　4.

　　He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：sat。句子主干是：He sat in front of them。dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit是过去分词短语作伴随状语，而never moving是现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示主语在sat时的伴随状态。同样，独立主格结构his dusty face masking his age也是伴随状语。

　　翻译

　　他坐在他们前面，穿这一身朴素的不合身的衣服，纹丝不动，满面的风尘遮住了他的实际年龄。

　　5.

　　Freed from TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：might take。句子主干为：they might take a ride。Freed from TV和forced to find their activities是两个过去分词短语，在句中作条件状语。

　　翻译

　　如果不看电视又不得不另找些活动，他们可能会一起骑车去观日落。

　　6

　　Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：are employed。句子主干为：Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed。其中，maintaining，renewing the old roofs 和thatching newer houses是三个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语。As well as 表示并列。

　　翻译

　　目前有800名全职茅屋匠人在英格兰和威尔士工作，进行维修，翻新旧屋顶并且还盖新的茅屋顶。

　　7

　　He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and English.

　　结构

　　全句有4个谓语动词：had been，had studied，was

　　和was。全句由三个并列的简单句组成。he was twenty是一个由by the time引导的时间状语从句。其中句末的现在分词短语speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and English 作伴随状语，对excellent linguist进行解释说明。

　　翻译

　　他从来没有上过中学或大学，但是他都是自学的。到20岁时，他已经是一个很熟练的化学家，一个优秀的语言学家，会说瑞典语，俄语，德语，法语和英语。