雅思阅读辅导：难句倒装句型

　　1. Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man.

　　2. They do not seem to like one another very much, neither are they too keen on conventional people.

　　3. Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.

　　4. Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848.

　　5. Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers.

　　6. Especially popular were his Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances.

　　7. Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.

　　8. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.

　　9. But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair dye.

　　10. Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn’t careful enough to make sure that he really did understand.

　　11. Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions.

　　12. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

　　13. Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”.

　　14. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Lactobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine.

　　15. Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall.

　　1.

　　Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：stood。本句是完全倒装结构，按正常语序应该是：A small pistol in his hand, a man stood halfway across the room. 其中，a small pistol in his hand 是一个独立主格结构，修饰主语a man.

　　翻译

　　一名男子站在屋子中间，手里拿着一支手枪。

　　2.

　　They do not seem to like one another very much, neither are they too keen on conventional people.

　　结构

　　全句有2个谓语动词：do和are。本句的后半部分是一个主谓倒装的单句，按正常语序应该是：They are neither too keen on conventional people. 注意neither指的是“(两个中的)一个都不”。

　　翻译

　　他们看起来不太喜欢彼此。他们也都不怎么喜欢传统的人(普通人)。

　　3.

　　Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.

　　结构

　　全句有2个谓语动词：came，could be。其中主句的是：came。按照正常语序句子主干应该是：The “white only” notices … came down. Notices后面的介词短语，作为后置定语修饰notices。介词短语后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰notices。为了避免主语部分过于冗长，因而将主谓倒装。

　　翻译

　　曾经一度在南部的公车上，旅馆里，火车上，饭店里，在体育赛事中，在公共卫生间里，在公园长椅上到处可见的“白人专用”的牌子已经取下。

　　4.

　　Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：is。本句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：The outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848, is quite different.介词短语like those of…作为后置定语修饰insurrections，其中为了省略而使用those 代替the insurrections。

　　翻译

　　像1830年7月起义和1848年2月起义这样的成功起义的结果是大不相同的。

　　5.

　　Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：is。本句是一个完全倒装句。按照正常语序应该是：The architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers, is splendid.

　　翻译

　　作为这座城市的中心，曼哈顿的摩天大厦有百余幢之多，其建筑十分壮观。

　　6.

　　Especially popular were his Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：were。本句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：His Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances, were especially popular. 过去分词短语followed by musical performances作为后置定语修饰dinners。

　　翻译

　　他的周日晚餐尤其受欢迎，晚餐结束后通常还有音乐演出。

　　7.

　　Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：begun。本句是一个以only开头的主谓倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：Women have begun to catch up with men in this area only in recent years. Only在句中起强调作用，所强调的是in recent years.

　　翻译

　　仅仅是近几年来，妇女才开始在这个领域赶上男子。

　　8.

　　Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.

　　结构

　　全句有2个谓语动词：was和would be。整句话由两个简单句构成，其中第一个简单句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：The idea of Saturday afternoon cricket was perhaps worse。

　　翻译

　　星期六下午去打板球这主意也许更糟糕;那个时候我的朋友通常都会自在享受悠闲时光。

　　9.

　　But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair dye.

　　结构

　　全句有2个谓语动词：has been和is。其中，as引导的让步状语从句是一个部分倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：Although red has been unpopular in the past。句子可被拆分为：

　　1. Red has been unpopular in the past.

　　2. But at the moment it is a favorite hair dye.

　　翻译

　　尽管过去红色不怎么流行，现在却是一种备受欢迎的染发颜色。

　　10.

　　Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn’t careful enough to make sure that he really did understand.

　　结构

　　全句有4个谓语动词：has，does realize，wasn’t和did understand.。其中主句的是：does realize。本句话是以only开头的强调句，其所强调的是when引导的条件状语从句。第一个that引导的是realize的宾语从句。第一个that引导的是make sure的宾语从句。

　　翻译

　　只有当他迷了路，他才明白到当时自己不够谨慎，没有确定自己是否真的懂了。

　　11.

　　Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions.

　　结构

　　全句只有1个谓语动词：can correct。本句话是以only开头的强调句，其所强调的是方式状语by becoming wealthier。按照正常语序应该是：Countries can correct these conditions only by becoming wealthier。

　　翻译

　　一个国家只有通过变得富强才能纠正这些问题。

　　12

　　Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

　　结构 全句有3个谓语动词：were，should have和should hesitate。其中主句的是：should hesitate。本句是一个条件式虚拟倒装句。前半部分是一个if引导的条件状语从句，按照正常语序为：If it were left to me to decide…。whether引导的是decide的宾语从句。

　　翻译 如果由我来决定是有政府无报纸还是有报纸无政府，我会毫不犹豫选择后者。

　　13

　　Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”.

　　结构

　　全句有3个谓语动词：comes，are和are。其中主句的是：comes，两个are是that引导的主语feeling的同位语从句中的两个并列谓语。为了避免造成头重脚轻的感觉，主句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序句子主干应该为：A social feeling of agreement … comes out of our emotional experience with objects and events.

　　翻译

　　从我们对于客观物体和事件的情感经验中产生了一种共同的社会情绪：某些东西和行为是“好的”而其他的是“坏的”。

　　14

　　Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Lactobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine.

　　结构 全句只有1个谓语动词：is。整个句子是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序句子主干应该是：The GG strain of Lactobacillus … is among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics。过去分词短语discovered by…作为后置定语修饰the GG strain of Lactobacillus，后面的短语both at…则是两个人名的定语。

　　翻译

　　由塔夫茨大学医学院舍伍德·哥尔巴赫教授和生化学家巴利·格尔丁发现的鼠李糖乳杆菌是最有前途并且研究得最充分的益生菌之一。

　　15

　　Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall.

　　结构

　　全句有4个谓语动词：expands，fall和does fall。其中主句的是：does fall。这是一个由only开头的条件式强调句，主句采用倒装句式。按照正常语序句子主干应该为：the unemployment rate does fall。在when引导的条件状语从句中which引导的是第三个rate的定语从句。

　　翻译

　　只有当总产量增长率大于劳动力增长速率加上生产力增长率并减去平均年劳动时间下降的速率时，失业率才会下降。