(2016·西宁三校联考)India is a country with 1.2 billion people，of which 30% still live in poverty，and 56% of the workforce is engaged in agriculture even though it contributes only 18% of GDP.Reforming India’s economy will therefore require more than just the relaxation of business regulations; it will require a massive reallocation of labor and the retraining of farm workers for other professions through better education and vocational training.In addition，only 29% of women in India are in the workforce even though they make up 50% of the population，which represents the severe underuse of a valuable resource，and a barrier to progress.
The government with Modi as the Premier will have to create a basic construction to correct the problem of these inefficiencies.It is also important to note that the reorganization of India’s labor force will take years，if not decades，to produce results for the economy.All this can push returns down for investors in the short and medium term.
Another major challenge for India’s free market experiment will be the foundation of BJP (人民党)，which has its roots in religion.Free market economics can’t work properly without a truly free society，and the conservative social and political philosophies (思想体系) of Modi’s party could prevent that from happening.
The rural base of the BJP also creates another risk for the agenda of the government.While India’s poor people will certainly benefit from economic reform，they are also the easiest to be exploited by some corporations and may require statesponsored welfare for existence.This creates an obvious contradiction for the government and a real free market in India.To lift the country economically，capitalist principles must be accepted completely，but without state control，India’s poor and middle class may be left behind.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了印度的政治环境以及目前所面临的经济改革问题。
9.To change India’s economy more effectively，________.
A.business regulations should be restricted
B.farm workers deserve retraining and reallocating
C.more people should be engaged in agriculture
D.women make up 50% of the workforce
解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“it will require a massive reallocation of labor and the retraining of farm workers”可知，需要重新分配劳动力和重新培训农民工，即B项正确。
10.Free market economics can function well with ________.
A.traditional social structures
B.a society full of liberty
C.conservative political philosophies
D.the basic policy of BJP
解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Free market economics can’t work properly without a truly free society”可知，自由市场经济能够正常运转需要一个真正自由的社会，即B项正确。
11.Under the control of the government，________ will benefit from the economic reform.
A.both commerce and industry
B.both state factories and local firms
C.both middle class people and poor people
D.both urban and rural areas
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“While India’s poor people will certainly benefit from economic reform”和“but without state control，India’s poor and middle class may be left behind”可知，经济改革将使中产阶级的人和穷人都受益，即C项正确。
12.The tone of the author towards India’s economic reform is ________.
A.favorable B.disapproving
C.optimistic D.doubtful
解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章的第三段和第四段的“The rural base of the BJP also creates another risk for the agenda of the government.”可知，印度的经济改革挑战巨大、困难重重，作者对其持怀疑态度，即D项正确。
